TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL

Question 1

Change is a ________________, not a _________________.

Answer 1

Process, Event

Question 2

What are the STAGES OF CHANGE?

Answer 2

PRE-CONTEMPLATION - CONTEMPLATION - PREPARATION - ACTION - MAINTENANCE - RELAPSE

Question 3

Self Efficacy

Answer 3

The DEGREE OF CONFIDENCE people have in maintaining the desired behavior change in situations that often trigger relapse - as well as the degree of temptation

Question 4

Describe PRE-CONTEMPLATION

Answer 4

NOT READY - No intent to make change in next 6 MONTHS - Characteristics: Denial, Ignorance of the problem - Being UNINFORMED or UNDERINFORMED about the CONSEQUENCES of one’s behavior

Question 5

Describe CONTEMPLATION

Answer 5

GETTING READY - Intent to change in the next 6 MONTHS - Aware of potential benefits of making change but the costs/cons tend to stand out even more - Characteristics: Ambivalence, Conflicted emotions

Question 6

Describe PREPARATION

Answer 6

READY - STARTING to make change - Intent to change, typically in NEXT MONTH - Typically taken significant action in past year - Already have a plan of action - RECRUIT FOR ACTION-ORIENTED PROGRAMS - Characteristics: Experimenting with small changes, Collecting information about change

Question 7

Describe ACTION

Answer 7

MAKING CHANGE - Significant overt modifications in lifestyle WITHIN THE LAST 6 MONTHS or begin taking direct action in order to accomplish goals

Question 8

Describe MAINTENANCE

Answer 8

Specific overt modifications in lifestyles and working to PREVENT RELAPSE - Lasts 6 MONTHS TO ABOUT 5 YEARS - Characteristics: Maintaining a new behavior, Avoiding temptation

Question 9

What are the THREE IMPORTANT ELEMENTS in changing a behavior?

Answer 9

READINESS TO CHANGE (Resources and Knowledge?) - BARRIERS TO CHANGE (Anything preventing?) - EXPECT RELAPSE (Triggers?)

Question 10

Being uninformed or under informed about the consequences of one’s behaviour may cause a person to be in the ____________________ stage.

Answer 10

Precontemplation

Question 11

_____________________ are often characterized in other theories as resistant, unmotivated or unready for help.

The fact is, traditional programs were not ready for such individuals and were not designed to meet their needs.

Answer 11

Precontemplators

Question 12

Individuals in the _______________ stage are not ready for traditional action-oriented programs that expect participants to act immediately.

Answer 12

Contemplation

Question 13

The weighting between the costs and benefits of change can produce profound ambivalence that can cause people to remain in this stage for long periods of time (ie. months to years)

Answer 13

Contemplation

Question 14

True or false: in the Transtheoretical model, only total abstinence counts as reaching the Action stage.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

While in the ________________ stage, people are less tempted to relapse and grow increasingly more confident that they can continue their changes.

Answer 15

Maintenance

Question 16

In this stage of the TTM, people have made specific overt modifications in their lifestyles and are working to prevent relapse - however, they do not apply change processes as frequently as do people in Action

Answer 16

Maintenance

Question 17

Define Decisional Balance

Answer 17

Decisional balance shifts in critical ways as an individual progresses through the Stages of Change - measured by pros and cons which have become core constructs in the TTM

Question 18

Describe Self-Efficacy

Answer 18

The degree of confidence individuals have in maintaining their desired behaviour change in situations that often trigger relapse

Question 19

In the Precontemplation and Contemplation stages, temptation to engage in the problem Behavior is far greater than ________________ to abstain.

Answer 19

Self-Efficacy

Question 20

While the Stages of Change are useful in explaining __________ changes in cognition, emotion, and Behavior take place, the Processes of Change help to explain _____________ those changes occur

Answer 20

WHEN - HOW

Question 21

Environmental Re-evaluation

Answer 21

The recognition of the effects the Behavior has on others and the environment. Clients are often motivated by the realization that their addiction also affected other people in their lives

Question 22

An individual who is described as “Getting Ready”, has thoughts of changing Behavior but is unlikely to act is considered to be in the _________________ stage

Answer 22

Contemplation

Question 23

An individual who is described as being “Not Ready” and down and defensive about Behavior change is considered to be in the ________________ stage.

Answer 23

Precontemplation

Question 24

An individual who is experimenting with small changes and taking gradual steps or “baby steps” towards Behavior change is considered to be in the __________________ stage.

Answer 24

Preparation

Question 25

An individual who is using the most change strategies, learning techniques to avoid relapse and reducing risk of disease through changes is considered to be in the _______________ stage.

Answer 25

Action

Question 26

An individual who is maintaining a new Behavior or has developed a “new normal” by avoiding temptations is considered to be in the ________________ stage.

Answer 26

Maintenance

Question 27

In any Behavior change, relapses are a common occurrence. While relapses can be difficult, what is the best solution?

Answer 27

Starting again with the preparation, action or maintenance stages of Behavior change

Reassess your resources and techniques

Question 28

Substance-Induced Delirium is essentially _________________________.

Answer 28

A disturbance in the individual’s consciousness

Question 29

True or false: In order for a diagnosis of Substance Induced Delirium, the persons’ symptoms have to be more severe than what the drug would do.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

List symptoms of Substance Induced Persisting Dementia

Answer 30

Memory Impairment
Language Disturbance
Impaired ability to carry out motor activities 
Failure to recognize/identify objects
Disturbance in executive functioning

Question 31

Harm reduction refers to the _______________, _________________, and _______________ that are aimed to reduce any harm that an individual who is a psychoactive drug user may be at risk for

Answer 31

Policies - Programs - Procedures

Question 32

What are examples of harm that an individual who is a psychoactive drug user may be at risk for?

Answer 32

Overdose - HIV - Hepatitis - Spreading any form of infectious disease

Question 33

What are examples of harm reduction programs?

Answer 33

Needle exchange
Safe injection sites
Opioid replacement therapy
Tobacco replacement

Question 34

What is a psychosocial treatment?

Answer 34

Talk therapy - short term psychotherapy - aka CBT

Question 35

What are ‘Biological Treatments’?

Answer 35

Medications/pharmaceuticals

Question 36

List tips that an individual can try and follow in order to prevent a relapse

Answer 36

Take medications as they are prescribed

Avoid situations or people that are bad influences or can trigger a relapse

Attend treatment sessions