Transporting Materials Flashcards

1
Q

What is a transport system?

A

A system for transporting substances around a multicellular organism

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2
Q

What is the function of valves in the heart?

A

To prevent the backflow of blood

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3
Q

Which side of the heart does the blood enter first?

A

The right

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4
Q

What does the right side/pump of the heart do?

A

Force deoxyginated blood to the lungs where it picks up oxygen and loses carbon dioxide

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5
Q

What does the left pump/side of the heart do?

A

Pump the blood around the rest of the body once it has been oxygenated in the lungs

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6
Q

Describe the structure of the heart and what each part does

A
  • Vena cava brings deoxygenated blood to the heart
  • Atria recieve blood from vena cava on right and pulmonary vein on left
  • Atria contract to move blood into lower chambers - ventricles
  • Ventricles then contract to force blood into pulmonary artery on right side and aorta on the left.
  • Valves prevent backflow
  • The heart muscle is supplied with oxygenated bllod via the coronary arteries
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7
Q

Draw and label a diagram of the heart

A
  1. Vena cava
  2. Right atrium
  3. Right ventricle
  4. Pulmonary artery
  5. Pulmonary vein
  6. Left atrium
  7. Left ventricle
  8. Aorta
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8
Q

What are the three main vessels that carry blood around the body?

A

Veins, arteries, and capillaries

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9
Q

Describe arteries

A
  • Thick walls
  • Small lumen (hole)
  • Thick layers of muscle and elastic fibre
  • Carry blood away from the heart
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10
Q

Describe veins

A
  • Large lumen
  • Relatively thin walls
  • Often have valves to prevent backflow
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11
Q

Describe capillaries

A
  • Tiny vessel with a narrow lumen
  • Walls a single cell thick
  • Carry blood through organs and allow exchange of substances with all the living cells in the body
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12
Q

What happens if the blood vessels are blocked or too narrow?

A

The blood will not flow efficiently

Then organs will be deprived of nutrients and oxygen

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13
Q

What are stents and what do they do?

A

Metal mesh placed in an artery and used to open it up through the inflation of a tiny balloon

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14
Q

When are stents particularly beneficial?

A

When coronary arteries become narrowed due to fatty deposits, cutting off the blood supply to the heart muscle

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15
Q

What might leaky valves cause and how can this be fixed?

A

Can cause blood to flow in the wrong direction

Artificial or animal valves can be inserted in the heart to replace damaged valves

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16
Q

What is blood?

A

A tissue

17
Q

What is plasma?

A

The clear, yellow part of the blood which carries dissolves substances and blood cells around the body

18
Q

What does blood plasma transport?

A
  • Carbon dioxide from the organs to the lungs
  • Soluble products of digestion from the small intestine to other organs
  • Urea from the liver to the kindeys where urine is made
19
Q

Describe red blood cells

A
  • Contain the red pigment haemoglobin
  • Bioconcave discs
  • Do not have a nucleus
  • Haemoglobin combines with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin in the lungs
  • Carry the oxygen to all organs where oxyhaemoglobin splits into haemoglobin and oxygen
20
Q

Describe white blood cells

A
  • Have a nucleus
  • Form part of the body’s defence system against microorganisms
21
Q

Describe platelets

A
  • Small fragments of cells
  • Do not have a nucleus
  • Help blood clot at site of a wound
22
Q

What does the plasma contain?

A

White blood cells

Red blood cells

Platelets

23
Q

What type of reaction is the reaction between oxygen and haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin?

A

A reversible reaction

24
Q

Why is plasma given to patients?

A

In an emergency to increase blood volume when a lot of blood has been lost

25
Q

How can blood from donors be seperated and what must be done to this blood?

A

It can be seperated into cells and plasma

It must be refrigerated. Some blood products can be frozen

26
Q

What are perfluorocarbons and why might they be used?

A

Artificial blood

Do not need to be refridgerated and do not contain cells so blood matching is not necessary

27
Q

What are the disadvantages of artificial blood?

A
  • Expensive
  • Does not carry as much oxygen aw whole blood
  • Some types are insoluble in water so do not mix well with blood
  • Can cause unpleasant side-effects
28
Q

What are the advantages of artificial hearts?

A

They do not need to match the person’s tissue

There is no need for immunosuppressant drugs

29
Q

What are the disadvantages of artificial hearts?

A

Problems with blood clotting

Longs stays in hospital

Expensive

30
Q

What type of plants have transport systems?

A

Flowering ones

31
Q

What does the xylem tissue do?

A

Transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the stem, leaves, and flowers

(Phloem for food, xylem for mineral ions + water)

32
Q

What is the movement of water from the roots through the xylem and out of the leaves called?

A

The transpiration stream

33
Q

What does the ploem tissue do?

A

Carries dissolves sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant, including the forwing regions and storage organs

(Phloem for food, xylem for mineral ions + water)