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GCSE Biology > Transport systems in plants and animals > Flashcards

Transport systems in plants and animals Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the circulatory system?

A

To transport substances around the body.

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2
Q

What does the circulatory system consist of?

A

The heart, the blood vessels and the blood.

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3
Q

Why is blood pumped to the lungs?

A

So that carbon dioxide can be exchanged for oxygen.

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4
Q

What does oxygenated blood do?

A

It provides glucose and oxygen to cells.

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5
Q

What does deoxygenated blood do?

A

It takes away waste products (including carbon dioxide).

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6
Q

Why does blood pass through the heart twice?

A
  1. To carry blood from your heart to your lungs then back to your heart.
  2. To carry blood from your heart to all other organs then back to your heart.
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7
Q

What kind of blood does the right side of your heart pump?

A

Blood that is low in oxygen.

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8
Q

Where is blood low in oxygen pumped to?

A

To the lungs to pick up oxygen.

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9
Q

What kind of blood does the left side of the heart pump?

A

Blood that is rich in oxygen.

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10
Q

Where is blood rich in oxygen pumped to?

A

To all parts of the body, except the lungs.

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11
Q

What is the function of the heart?

A

The heart is the organ responsible for continuously pumping blood around your body.

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12
Q

How is the heart adapted to its function?

A

Its wall is made up mostly of muscle tissue.

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13
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A
  1. Left atrium.
  2. Right atrium.
  3. Left ventricle.
  4. Right ventricle.
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14
Q

Describe the flow of blood out of the heart.

A
  1. Blood enters the atrium through the vena cava on the right side and the pulmonary vein on the left.
  2. The atria contract and force blood into the ventricles.
  3. The ventricles contract and force blood out of the heart through the pulmonary artery on the right and the aorta on the left.
  4. Valves make sure the blood flows in the correct direction.
  5. Blood flows from the heart to the organs through arteries and returns through veins.
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15
Q

What can be done about leaky heart valves?

A

They can be replaced by donor or mechanical valves.

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16
Q

What can be done about an irregular heartbeat?

A

An artificial pacemaker can be fitted.

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17
Q

Describe any problems surrounding mechanical and electrical heart components.

A
  1. Risk of infection.
  2. Size of components.
  3. Power supply.
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18
Q

Describe the function of the arteries.

A

They take blood from the heart to the organs at high pressure.

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19
Q

How are the arteries adapted to their function?

A

They have thick walls made from muscle and elastic fibres to withstand pressure and exert force (pulse).

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20
Q

Describe the function of the veins.

A

They take blood from the organs to the heart at a low pressure.

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21
Q

How are the veins adapted to their function?

A

They have thinner walls and a large diameter to offer the least flow resistance and valves to prevent back flow.

22
Q

Describe the function of the capillaries.

A
  1. They allow substances needed by the cells to pass out of the blood.
  2. They allow substances produced by the cells to pass into the blood.
23
Q

How are the capillaries adapted to their function?

A

They are narrow, thin walled, permeable blood vessels.

24
Q

What can be done if arteries begin to narrow and restrict the flow of blood?

A

Small mesh tubes called stents can be inserted by surgeons to keep them open.

25
Q

What four components is blood made up of?

A
  1. Plasma
  2. White blood cells
  3. Red blood cells
  4. Platelets
26
Q

What is plasma?

A

A straw coloured liquid in the blood.

27
Q

What are the three main functions of plasma?

A
  1. It transports carbon dioxide from the organs to the lungs.
  2. It transports the soluble products of digestion, for example glucose, from the small intestine to the organs.
  3. It transports other waste products, for example urea, from the liver to the kidneys.’
28
Q

What is the main function of red blood cells?

A

They transport oxygen from the lungs to the organs.

29
Q

What are red blood cells?

A

Cells in the blood without a nucleus that are packed full of the red pigment haemoglobin.

30
Q

What are white blood cells?

A

Cells in the blood with a nucleus and that are suspended in the plasma.

31
Q

What is the main function of white blood cells?

A

To form part of the body’s defence system against pathogens.

32
Q

What are platelets?

A

Small fragments of cells that don’t have a nucleus.

33
Q

What is the main function of platelets?

A

To help blood to clot a wound.

34
Q

What is artificial blood being developed as?

A

An alternative to blood transfusions.

35
Q

When can artificial blood be used?

A

When a person’s red blood cells do not function properly.

36
Q

What are the two transport systems in plants?

A
  1. Xylem

2. Phloem

37
Q

What is the main function of xylem tissue?

A

To transport water and mineral ions from roots to the stem and leaves.

38
Q

What is the transpiration stream?

A

The movement of water from the roots through the xylem and out of the leaves.

39
Q

What is the main function of phloem?

A

To carry dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant, including the growing regions and the storage organs.

40
Q

In which chamber does deoxygenated blood enter the heart?

A

Right atria

41
Q

Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

A

Arteries

42
Q

What do the heart and veins contain to prevent the backflow of blood?

A

Valves.

43
Q

What type of tissue is the heart made from?

A

Muscle.

44
Q

Which component of blood protects you from disease?

A

White blood cells.

45
Q

How have red blood cells adapted to carry oxygen?

A

They haven’t got a nucleus and contain haemoglobin.

46
Q

Sugars made in the leaf by photosynthesis are transported to the rest of the plant through which plant tissue?

A

Phloem.

47
Q

Arteries carry blood under high pressure. What prevents arteries from bursting?

A

They have thick walls made from muscle and elastic fibres.

48
Q

What is the heart?

A

An organ that pumps blood around the body. Much of the wall of the heart is made from muscle tissue.

49
Q

What does haemoglobin do in the lungs?

A

It combines with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin:

haemoglobin + oxygen -> oxyhaemoglobin

50
Q

What does oxhaemoglobin do in organs other than the lungs?

A

It splits up into haemoglobin and oxygen:

oxyhaemoglobin -> haemoglobin +oxygen

GCSE Biology (5 decks)

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