Transport systems in plants and animals

Question 1

Substances are transported around the body in what what system?

Answer 1

The circulatory system.

Question 2

The heart is an organ that does what?

Answer 2

Pumps blood around the body.

Question 3

Most of the walls of the heart are made from what?

Answer 3

Muscle tissues.

Question 4

Blood enters the heart through what?

Answer 4

The atria.

Question 5

Atria contract in the heart and force blood where?

Answer 5

Into the ventricles?

Question 6

The ventricles contract and force blood…

Answer 6

…out of the heart.

Question 7

Valves in the heart do what?

Answer 7

Ensure the blood always flows in the correct direction.

Question 8

Blood flows from the heart to the organs through…

Answer 8

…the arteries.

Question 9

Blood flows from the organs to the heart through…

Answer 9

…the veins.

Question 10

How many circulation systems are in the human body?

Answer 10

Two.

Question 11

What are the two circulation systems for?

Answer 11

One is for the lungs whilst the other is for the rest of the body.

Question 12

Describe the composition of an artery.

Answer 12

Arteries have thick walls with muscle and elastic fibres and a small lumen.

Question 13

Describe the composition of a vein.

Answer 13

Relatively thin walls, often have valves and a larger lumen.

Question 14

What is used to keep arteries open if they being to narrow and restrict blood flow?

Answer 14

Stents.

Question 15

In organs, blood flows through what?

Answer 15

Capillaries.

Question 16

Capillaries have what walls?

Answer 16

Thin walls.

Question 17

Substances needed in cells pass out of capillaries how?

Answer 17

By diffusion through the thin capillary walls.

Question 18

Substances produced in cells pass into capillaries how?

Answer 18

By diffusion through the thin capillary walls.

Question 19

Blood is a what?

Answer 19

Tissue.

Question 20

Blood consists of what?

Answer 20

Liquid plasma.
Red blood cells.
White blood cells.
Platelets.

Question 21

Blood plasma transports:

Answer 21

Carbon dioxide from organs to the lungs.
Soluble products of digestion from the small intestine to organs.
Urea from the liver to the kidneys.

Question 22

Red blood cells transport…

Answer 22

…oxygen from the lungs to other organs.

Question 23

Red blood cells are specialised how?

Answer 23

By having no nucleus.

Question 24

What pigment makes red blood cells red and what does it do?

Answer 24

Haemoglobin. In the lungs it combines with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin and in other organs it splits to form oxygen and haemoglobin.

Question 25

White blood cells do what and are part of what bodily system?

Answer 25

White blood cells have a nucleus and form part of the body’s defence system against microorganisms.

Question 26

Describe a platelet and what it does.

Answer 26

Platelets are small fragments of cells with no nucleus. Platelets are used to clot the blood at the site of a wound.

Question 27

Xylem tissue transports what?

Answer 27

Water and mineral ions from the roots to the stem and leaves.

Question 28

The movement of water through the roots and out of the leaves is known as what stream?

Answer 28

The transpiration stream.

Question 29

Phloem tissue transports what?

Answer 29

Dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant.