transport systems Flashcards
how does the breathing system get oxygen into the blood stream (and remove co2)
breathe in air goes through trachea splits into two tubs called bronchi, one going to each lung two smaller tubes, bronchioles alveoli in lungs
what happens when you breathe in/out
diaphragm contracts, thorax volume increases, decreasing the pressure, drawing air in
opposite for breathing out
two types of artificial ventilators
iron lung, air pumped into case, lowering the pressure so the lungs expand and draw in air, opposite so air goes out
nowadays, ventilators pump air into lungs, expand ribcage, when relaxed air is pushed out
adv/disadvantage of iron lung
adv keeps you alive disadvantage uncomfortable invasive time consuming
adv/disadvantage or modern ventilators
adv keeps alive mostly non invasive patient can use limbs disadv uncomfortable time consuming
transport tubes in plants
xylem - takes water up through the roots to the stem, dead cells that have a hole in the middle
phloem - transports food, living cells with small holes in to take food through plant
transpiration
when there is a loss of water, caused by evaporation and diffusion, more water is drawn up by xylem tubes constantly as water is lost constantly because it’s a side effect of photosynthesis and automatic diffusion to surroundings
what is the main function of the circulatory system
to get food and oxygen to every cell in the body and carry waste products out
the heart as a circulatory system
double circulatory system
right circuit pumps deoxygenated blood from vena cava, right atrium and ventricle, pulmonary vein to lungs to become oxygenated, goes to other circuit
left circuit pumps now oxygenated blood from lungs, through pulmonary vein, left atrium and ventricle, aorta and to all organs to give oxygen, goes to other circuit
how does the heart pump blood around body
contacts, mostly made of muscular tissue, has valves to prevent backflow
what does the blood vessels artery, veins and capillary do
artery - carries blood away from heart
veins - carries blood to heart
capillaries - exchange materials at tissues
formation of blood vessels
arteries are strong, elastic and thick to cope with high pressure of blood carried in the middle “lumen”
these branch out into capillaries, tiny and carry blood to cells to exchange substances like oxygen in, co2 out, permeable walls, one cell thick
capillaries join to make veins, big lumen to carry more blood but at lower pressure, valves to prevent backflow
substances in blood
red blood cells - carry oxygen from lungs to body cells, large sa and no nucleus to absorb more glucose, haemoglobin to real ease oxygen
white blood cells - to defend against disease through engulf, releasing antibodies and anti toxins
platelets- creates blood clots at wounds to stop mass blood loss, no nucleus, essential to prevent mass bleeding
plasma - straw coloured liquid that carries the above as well as nutrients, co2 and urea as waste and hormones
circulation aids to help with loss of blood, heart or arteries damage
artificial blood - replaces the lost blood so real blood can keep pumping, provides time
artificial heart parts - mechanical functions implanted until a donor heart is found or permanent, keeps alive but could be rejected
stents - keep arteries open so blood can pass through, preventing coronary heart disease as arteries can’t be blocked
