transport systems

Question 1

which 2 ways can single celled organisms transport nutrients

Answer 1

osmosis and diffusion

Question 2

why do multi cellular organisms need transport systems?

Answer 2

• high metabolic demands:need lots of oxygen and produce lots of waste so diffusion over long distances isnt enough to supply the amount needed
• sa:v ratio gets smaller so the diffusion distance gets bigger
• molecules such as hormones may be made in one place but needed in another
• food will be digested in one organ system but needed to be transported to every cell for respiration

Question 3

whats an open circulatory system?

Answer 3

a circulatory system with a heart and a few vessels to contain the transport medium

Question 4

whats a closed circulatory system?

Answer 4

a circulatory system where the blood is enclosed in blood vessels and doesnt come into contact with the cells.

Question 5

what type of circulatory system do fish have?

Answer 5

single closed

Question 6

whats a double circulatory system?

Answer 6

a circulatory system where the blod travels through the heart for 2 complete circulations of the body

Question 7

the bigger the organism,what happens to the oxygen uptake

Answer 7

lower

Question 8

what are the 2 types of white blood cell

Answer 8

phagocyte and lymphocyte

Question 9

function of phagocyte

Answer 9

to engulf pathogen

Question 10

function of a lymphocyte

Answer 10

to release antibodies

Question 11

how are red blood cells adapted

Answer 11

• contain haemoglobin which absorbs oxygen from the lungs
• small:pass through narrow capillaries
• dont have nucleus:more room for haemoglobin
• biconcave: increase surface area

Question 12

why is it important red blood cells are stored in a solution with a suitable water potential

Answer 12

if its placed in pure water water enters too quickly by osmosis causing it to burst

Question 13

differences between tissue fluid and blood

Answer 13

tissue fluid

• between cells in tissues/blood is in arteries veins and capillaries
• doesnt contain plasma proteins or red blood cells
• doesnt contain platelets

Question 14

name the type of vessel

Answer 14

lymphatic capillary

Question 15

what can happen if the tissues of a person were insufficient

Answer 15

here will be an accumulation of lymphatic in the interstial tissues of the body. A build up of fluid can cause odema

Question 16

explain why red blood cells may burst when placed in a solution of lower concentation

Answer 16

water moves into the cell too quickly by osmosis causing it to burst because of its weak cell membrane

Question 17

adaptations of an artery

Answer 17

• thick walls:high pressure
• narrow lumen:maintain pressure
• elastic tissue:allows stretch
• collagen:provied strength
• endothelium in tunica intima:reduces friction
• elastic recoil:maintains flow

Question 18

adaptations of veins

Answer 18

• lumen is wider:allows easier blood flow
• valves:prevent backflow
• tunica externa:thicker to prevent vessel collapsing
• fewer elastic fibres

Question 19

function of circulatory sytem

Answer 19

carry gases around the body

Question 20

in insects where does gas exchange take place

Answer 20

tracheal system

Question 21

insect blood

Answer 21

haemolymph

Question 22

what does blood carry in insects?

Answer 22

food and waste

Question 23

how are arterioles adapted

Answer 23

less elastic filbres and smooth muscle:little pulse surge

Question 24

how are capillaries adapted

Answer 24

• one cell thick:diffusion
• large surface area for diffusion of substances
• the total cross sectional area of the capillaries is bigger than the arteriole so rate of blood flow falls giving more time for material exchange