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Biology- body systems > Transport systems > Flashcards

Transport systems Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Components of blood

A

Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets

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2
Q

Red blood cell function & how is it specialised

A

They deliver oxygen all over the body

  • Haemoglobin to bind oxygen
    -No nucleus, allowing more space to carry
    haemoglobin
  • A biconcave shape, which increases the surface area for oxygen uptake
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3
Q

2 types of White blood cells

A

Lymphocytes
Phagocytes

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4
Q

Function of lymphocytes

A

They make proteins called antibodies to bind to pathogens & inactivate them

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5
Q

Function of phagocytes

A

Carry out phagocytosis by engulfing pathogens and digesting them

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6
Q

What vein carries blood into the heart

A

Vena cava

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7
Q

What does the pulmonary artery do

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from right side of heart to lungs

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8
Q

What does the aorta do

A

The artery that carried blood from left side of heart to circulatory system

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9
Q

What does the pulmonary vein do

A

Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart

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10
Q

Which side of heart takes oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood

A

Right side of heart = deoxygenated blood to lungs

Left side of heart= oxygenated blood to body

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11
Q

Pathway of deoxygenated blood

A

From body into heart through vena cava , into right atrium then right ventricle then to pulmonary artery then goes back to lungs

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12
Q

What does the vena cave do

A

Carries blood into heart

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13
Q

Pathway of oxygenated blood

A

Brought back to heart from pulmonary vein into left atrium then into left ventricle then is pumped out to take blood all over body by the Aorta

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14
Q

What is it called when oxygen and haemoglobin combine

A

oxyhaemoglobin

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15
Q

Why does the heart have valves

A

The heart has 4 valves to stop the blood from flowing backwards within the heart

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16
Q

Where do the heart muscles get there oxygen

A

They get their oxygenated blood from the coronary arteries

17
Q

How do the Coronary arteries give oxygen to the heart muscles

A

The coronary arteries run over the surface of the heart and supply oxygen and glucose to the muscle cells

18
Q

Artery features

A
  • Carry blood away from heart
  • Thick, muscular walls.
  • Narrower central channel
  • Carry blood under high
    pressure
19
Q

Vein features

A

-Carry blood into heart.
-Thinner walls.
- Wider channel.
- Carry blood under lower pressure.
- veins have valves to prevent blood going backwards

20
Q

Capillaries features

A
  • Form networks that connect arteries to veins
  • very thin walls
  • large surface area
    -allow efficient exchange of materials
21
Q

Role of oxyhaemoglobin

A

To release oxygen making it available to the body

22
Q

What does the blood transport

A

Oxygen , nutrients & carbon dioxide

23
Q

What chemical allows the red blood cells to complete their function

A

Haemoglobin

24
Q

What is the circulatory system

A

Blood vessels that carry blood away and into the heart

25
Q

Where does oxyhaemoglobin get formed and released

A

Released- where oxygen is low ( body tissue)
Formed- where the oxygen concentration is high ( lungs)

26
Q

What do villi provide that will help with absorption

A

Larger surface area

27
Q

What do the capillaries in the villi absorb

A

Absorb glucose & amino acids

28
Q

What do lacteal in the villi absorb

A

Absorb fatty acids& gycerol

29
Q

What do tissues contain that allows materials to exchange (at a cellular level)

A

capillary networks

30
Q

Starch uses what enzyme to make what product

A

Starch , amylase , simple sugars

31
Q

What does protein use to make its product and use its enzyme

A

Protein , pepsin , amino acids

32
Q

What enzyme and product is part of fat

A

Fat , lipase , fatty acids and glycerol

Biology- body systems (2 decks)

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