Transport Systems Flashcards
Give two uses of water in a plant (2).
It maintains the rigid structure of plant cells(1)
cooling(1)
photosynthesis(1)
Describe the function of the semi-lunar valves (2).
It prevents the backflow of blood(1) from the arteries into the ventricles(1)
(c) In the heart of a foetus, the two upper chambers (atria) are linked by a hole so that the blood can pass between them.
(i) Explain why this hole is normally closed before the baby is born. (2)
(ii) Sometimes the hole does not close. Explain what effect this will have on the baby. (3). (i) It’s closed so that the oxygenated and the deoxygenated blood don’t mix(1). This means it keeps it from transporting oxygenated blood around the body.
(i) It’s closed so that the oxygenated and the deoxygenated blood don’t mix(1). This means it keeps it from transporting deoxygenated blood around the body. (1)
(ii) The effect of a hole in the wall separating the two atria on the baby would be that the baby may appear blue (1) and this is because there’s less oxygen being transported from the heart to the body(1). This will result in less aerobic respiration delivering less ATP to the cells. (1)
(a) A person with sickle cell anaemia often suffers pain as some of their blood vessels become blocked by sickle cells.
(a)
(i)Suggest why the person’s blood vessels may become blocked(1)
(ii)Suggest why these symptoms get worse. (3)
(i)Sickle-shaped red blood cells get trapped to each other(1)
(ii) When in high altitudes there’s less oxygen(1) So anaerobic respiration will start taking place.(1) The joint pain is due to the buildup of lactic acid that was produced. (1) Anaerobic respiration produces less ATP compared to aerobic respiration which means that you’re going to feel more tired. (1)
State what is meant by the term recessive(1)
Recessive is when the allele is only expressed when there are two copies of the recessive allele.(1)
Which organism causes malaria? (1)
Protoctists (1)
Give two differences in structure between red blood cells and white blood cells (2).
Red blood cells have a biconcave shape.(1)
Red blood cells are smaller.(1)
Red blood cells have no nucleus(1)
Describe the functions of the atria in the body. (3)
The function of the atria is to pump the blood from the atria into the ventricles (1). To receive the deoxygenated blood from the vena cava(1) and receive oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein.(1)
Describe how the blood in the pulmonary artery differs from the blood in the aorta (2).
The blood in the pulmonary artery is at a lower pressure(1)
and contains a lower oxygen concentration (1)
Contains a higher carbon dioxide concentration (1)
Explain the function of the heart lung bypass machine (3)
The function is that it oxygenates blood(1) as it removes carbon dioxide from the blood. (1) It transports blood around the body(1) which enables cells to respire.(1)
Explain why the patient after a heart transplant needs to be given immunosuppressants (2)
It’s to prevent rejection of the transplanted heart (1) It stops the action of the immune system so that the antigens on the cells aren’t recognized. (1)
Explain why patients should not smoke after their heart transplant (2).
It’s because the carbon monoxide will bind to the hameoglobin in the cells. (1) It also increases the risk of blood clotting (1) and higher blood pressure (1)
State what is meant by the term balanced diet. (1).
A balanced diet contains all the required nutrients in the correct proportions/quantities(1)
Suggest why patients are advised to avoid strenuous activities after their heart transplant (1)
It’s because it would put pressure on their heart(1)
Suggest why patients are more likely to be at risk of food poisoning after their heart transplant (1).
It’s because their immune system is weaker and they’re less able to produce antibodies. (1)
