transport system in living things (15) Flashcards
**What do blood vessels consist of and their functions
- Arteries
- carry blood away from the heart - Veins
- carry blood towards the heart - Capillaries
- act as the site of exchange of nutrients and oxygen towards the cells and remove carbon dioxide and waste products.
What is the function of the heart
It is made of muscles that contract to exert great forces to ensure circulation of blood around the body
What does blood consist of and its functions
- Plasma
- plasma transports water and dissolved substances (eg: digested food, mineral salts and waste products) to different parts of the body - Red blood cells
- transport oxygen to different parts of the body - White blood cells and platelets
- serve a protective function
What is the function of the xylem?
Transports water and mineral salts from the roots to all parts of the plant in an upwards direction
What is the function of the phloem?
Transports sugar from the leaves to all parts of the plant in both an upwards and downwards direction
If the phloem is removed in a spot (P) where there are leaves below it and above it, state an observation and explain.
Only the upper part will have a bulge/ become swollen.
The sugar produced by the leaves above P is unable to travel to the roots, causing a bulge above P. The sugar produced by the leaves below P will be used by other parts below P such as the roots, hence there no bulge.
If the phloem is removed in a spot (P) where there are leaves below it and above it, will it be able to survive after one month?
The plant will be able to survive after one month.
This is because the transport of water is not affected. The xylem remains intact as only the phloem is removed. The phloem transports sugar from the leaves to all parts of the plant in both upwards and downwards direction hence, reaching areas above and below P.
Explain the need for a transport system in plants.
To allow sugar, water and minerals to be transported to all parts of the plant for energy.
Describe and explain how the water from the beaker enters the stem of the plant and reaches the flower.
The water with red dye enters the end of the stem. The xylem transports water with red dye up to the flower, staining the flower.
What does drug abuse refer to?
It refers to the use of drugs in the way that one’s health, e.g, smoking can cause disruption to the human transport system, true damage of the heart and blood vessels. It can also harm others, E.G., second – hand smoke from smoking
What are some irreversible damage of organs that drug abuse can lead to?
- Nervous system- memory loss, slow reaction
- Circulatory system- increased risk of heart attack, and stroke
- Respiratory system- lung cancer
- Digestive system- liver damage, stomach ulcer
- Sexual reproductive system- infertility
What are the harmful effects of narrowing of capillaries due to drugs?
-Capillaries are the side of exchange of oxygen and nutrients between blood and the surrounding cells
-When the capillaries become narrower, cells receive insufficient amounts of these essential substances.
What are the harmful effects of blockage and collapse of veins due to drugs?
-abnormal heart rhythm may cause the heart to pump in efficiently, and thus cause poor blood circulation in the body
- as a result, less oxygen reaches other parts of the body. This can lead to organ damage.
(Irregular heartbeat can lead to this also)
What are the harmful effects of a heart attack due to drugs?
-when the heart stops pumping, blood is not pumped to other parts of the body.
-as a result, no oxygen reaches other parts of the body. This can cause organ damage.
What are some ethical considerations of organ transplant?
- Respectful persons, (has been provided full information to make the decision)
- Justice (if the criteria used to allocate organ is fair)
- Minimal harm and maximum benefits (the extent to which the patient’s quality of life will be enhanced; to increase the chances of the patient’s survival)
