Transport schemes

Question 1

Why is stress a health risk

Answer 1

Leads to high blood pressure

Damage to endothelium

`inflammatory response

Formation of atheroma

Arteries are narrowed

Lower oxygen supply

Leads to heart attacks, strokes etc

Question 2

Describe differences between apoplastic and symplastic pathway

Answer 2

Apoplastic is non living

Apoplastic uses cell wall and intercellular spaces

Apoplastic is faster and has less resistance

Apoplastic is diffusion

Apoplastic blocked by casparian strip

Question 3

Explain how water is transported in Xylem to leaves

Answer 3

Water evaporated from stoma

Leafs have low water potential

Water molecules are dipolar hence hydrogen bonding

Leads to cohesion-tension theory

Leads to adhesion as well

Question 4

How does lack of Vitamin K affect clotting?

Given in Q that vitamin K reduces clotting

Answer 4

Plasma in Dog lacks vitamin K

Less prothrombin converted to thrombin

Less fibrinogen converted to fibrin