Transport Policies

Question 1

why is Urban Mobility so important?

3 reasons

Answer 1

1) enhancing quality of life, by better access to jobs, education, healthcare, .
2) economic growth as the efficient movement of people and goods boosts productivity
3) reducing negative externalities such as pollution, noise and accidents

Question 2

Evaluation of Transport Reforms

Answer 2

reforms should enhance user well-being
-> time costs
-> financial costs
-> comfort and safety
and how it affects the users travel behavior

Question 3

Evaluation of Transport Investments

Answer 3

1) Subways and Metro Systems: high capacity, reliablity and speed but costly and time-intensive
2) Trams: less costly than subways but less passenger benefits due to slower speed
3) BRT: subway-like advantages at lower costs but require surface space -> success depends on corridor length and bus speeds
4) cable cars: niche solutions for shorter, hilly routes
5) cost-effective interventions: like open bus lanes improves mobility effectively (drive without changing the lines) or like dedicated bus lines to boost the speeds

Question 4

How do additional policy measures look like?

Answer 4

Public transport can be promoted through pricing, fuel taxes, parking fees, congestion charges and subsidies

Question 5

further explain the policy measures like 1) driving bans, 2) congestion charges and 3) subsidies

Answer 5

1) driving ban: effective in short-term but promotes additional car purchases
2) congestion charges: politically challenging to implement but can effectively manage traffic without increasing vehicle purchases and generate reveneue for transport projects
3) subsidies: support social equity and economic efficiency, but operator funding could lead to inefficiencies. demand-based subsidies flowing directly to users help to mitigate the risk

Question 6

additional measures for sustainable urban mobility

3

Answer 6

1) fuel taxes: help to reduce congestion and environmental impacts
2) active mobility support (walking and cycling)
3) urban logistics, such as regulated delivery times to encourage efficient urban logistics and reduce congestion

Question 7

Conclusion

Answer 7

transport reforms require careful planning, centered on the passengers needs and travel behavior.
mix of policy to suit local conditions and resources

Question 8

Explain BRT. what do they include?

bus rapid transit

Answer 8

1) dedicated bus lanes -> exclusive lanes to avoid traffic congestion
2) Traffic Signal Priority -> reducing the need to stop frequently
3) fast and efficient stations -> similar to train platforms enabling quicker bording
4) quick payment systems
5) high frequency and capacity