Transplantations And Borderlands Ch.2

Question 1

The Godspeed, the Discovery, and the Susan Constant.

Answer 1

The 3 ships that were used in the colonizing expedition of the London Company, made up of 144 men.

Question 2

Jamestown

Answer 2

A colony established in 1607 by the London Company.

Located on a peninsula in modern day Virginia.

Question 3

Jamestown: Climate

Answer 3

Low swampy land that was surrounded by thick woods.

Usually hot and humid.

Question 4

Jamestown: Problems

Answer 4

Malaria, killed and weakened settlers.
Absence of women, failure to establish domestic lives and formal society
Land that was difficult to clear for cultivation, failure to grow sufficient food.
Powerful Indian tribe, known as the Tsenahcommacah.

Question 5

Powhatan

Answer 5

Imperial chief of Tsenacommacah, an alliance of Algonquian-speaking Indians.

Question 6

Charters

Answer 6

A written grant by a sovereign power by which an institution is created; in this case the right for a group to colonize a certain territory.

Question 7

John Smith

Answer 7

Jamestown’s savior.
Brought additional men and supplies to the endangered colony of Jamestown (38 men remaining).
Became council president in 1608, imposing work and order.
Deposed in 1609 and returned to England.

Question 8

Virginia Company

Answer 8

A joint-stock company formerly known as the London Company.
Launched a “great fleet” of nine vessels with about 600 people in 1609.
One vessel was lost at sea and another arrived months late.

Question 9

The Starving Time (1609-1610)

Answer 9

The harshest period in Jamestown.
New-comers from the great fleet were weak from voyage and contracted fevers.
Local Indians killed their livestock and barricaded them in their palisade.
Forced to eat whatever they could find, even resorting to cannibalism.
60 of 500 remained.

Question 10

Lord De La Warr

Answer 10

1st governor of Jamestown which saved the colony.
Brought in relief expeditions with new colonists and supplies.
Imposed a harsh discipline.
Organized settlers into work gangs and sentenced offenders to strict punishments.

Question 11

Governor Dale

Answer 11

Succeeded de La Warr.
Permitted private ownership and cultivation of land.
Landowners gave the company part-time work and contributions of grain.
Led assaults against Powhatan Indians and kidnapped Pocahontas.

Question 12

John Rolfe

Answer 12

Experimented with tobacco in Virginia.
Produced high quality crops that met the demands of the old world,
Became the main cash crop of the Virginia Company.
Required and led to territorial expansion.
Married Pocahontas in 1614.

Question 13

Headright System (Virginia)

Answer 13

Headright: 50 acre grants of land that settlers could acquire in different ways.
Those already living in the colony received 100 acres a piece.
Each new settler received a single headright for themselves.
It encouraged family groups to migrate together in order to gain land.
Headrights could also be acquired by paying for the passage of another immigrant.
In return they contributed 1 shilling a year to the company.

Question 14

Virginia Company: Incentives

Answer 14

Full rights of Englishmen.
End to strict and arbitrary rule.
Share in self-government.

Question 15

Overnight Brides (1619)

Answer 15

100 Englishwomen that were imported to become the wives of male colonists.
They could be purchased for 120 pounds of tobacco.
Status of freedom depended on husbands goodwill.
**I made up the name

Question 16

Jamestown: Trade

Answer 16

Lumber, tar, pitcher and iron were exported.

Question 17

Virginia Company: Black laborers

Answer 17

August, 1619
20 Africans arrive in Virginia; were not considered slaves but rather servants to be held for a term of years and then freed just like the European servants.
First step toward slavery.

Question 18

Opechanacanough

Answer 18

Brother and successor of chief Powhatan.
Organized attack on settlers in March, 1622 and was defeated (347 settlers were killed)
Challenged the settlers again in 1644 and were defeated once more.

Question 19

Indian Agricultural Techniques

Answer 19

Was one of the most important factors in the survival of Jamestown.
Settlers learned how to cultivate in the unknown soil and climate of Virginia,
Corn became a staple for settlers since stalks could be used for corn and it spoiled less easily than other grains.
Also learned the advantages of growing beans to enrich soil.

Question 21

House of Burgesses

Answer 21

First meeting of an elected legislature in the United States.
July 30, 1619 at the Jamestown church

Question 22

George Calvert

Answer 22

The first Lord Baltimore.
Catholic and shrewd businessman.
Envisioned a colony that would serve as a retreat for English Catholics.
Died before receiving a charter.

Question 23

Cecilius

Answer 23

Son of Calvert and 2nd Lord Baltimore.

Received a charter in 1632 granting him an extensive territory and power of true and absolute lord and proprietary.

Question 24

Leonard Calvert

Answer 24

Named governor of Maryland by his brother Cecilius.

Was sent to oversee development of the province.

Question 25

The Ark and the Dove

Answer 25

The ships that transported the first 300 settlers of what would be called St.Mary, after the queen, in March of 1634.

Question 26

Maryland & Indians

Answer 26

Indians were concerned with rival tribes.
They befriended the settlers by providing them with shelter, selling them land, and giving them supplies.
Maryland did not experience any assaults by Indians, plagues, or starvation.

Question 27

Maryland: Religion

Answer 27

After setting up the colony it was clear that more settlers were needed.
Since Catholics made only 2% of English population and were reluctant to emigrate, Maryland reached out to Protestants.
Maryland adopted a policy of religious toleration to avoid conflict among the groups.

Question 28

Maryland: Civil War

Answer 28

Tensions between Catholics and Protestants led to the antagonizer ion of either party.
Eventually, Protestants repealed the Toleration Act and barred Catholics from voting.
In 1655 civil war broke out in which the proprietary government was temporarily overthrown.

Question 29

Headright System (Maryland)

Answer 29

Incentive to increase labor pool in 1640

Gave a grant of 100 acres to each male settler, plus 100 for his wife and each servant and 50 for each child.

Question 30

Maryland: Exports

Answer 30

Became a prominent cultivator in the tobacco industry.

Question 31

Sir William Berkley

Answer 31

Governor of Virginia from 1642 to 1670.
Sent explorers across the Blue Ridge Mountains to expand westward.
Put down Indian uprising of 1644 that resulting in expansion.

Question 32

Virginia: Population Boom

Answer 32

Virginias population doubled from 8,000 in 1640 to 16,000 in 1650.
By 1660 it was 40,000.

Question 33

Virginia: Voting

Answer 33

1619- all men 17+ could vote
1670- only landowners could vote and elections were rare.
The same burgesses remained in office year after year.
Each county had only two representatives.

Question 34

Nathaniel Bacon

Answer 34

A wealthy young graduate of Cambridge University.
Arrived in Virginia 1673 and purchased farms in the west, winning a seat on the governor’s council.
Member of the backcountry gentry.
Became unhappy with Berkeley.

Question 35

Bacon’s Rebellion

Answer 35

In 1675 when Doeg Indians raided western plantations the settlers fought back, against Berkeley’s orders.
This soon became a military challenge to the colonial government.
Bacon led armies east into Jamestown twice, the first time receiving temporary pardon and the second burning the city and exiling the governor.
While on the verge of taking control of Virginia he died of dysentery.

Question 36

Significance of Bacon’s Rebellion

Answer 36

Continued the struggle to define the boundary between Indian and white land.
Showed the unwillingness of settlers to abide by earlier agreements and resistance of Indians toward white invasion.

Question 37

The Mayflower Compact

Answer 37

Established a civil government and proclaimed the allegiance to the king.

Question 38

William Bradford

Answer 38

First governor of Plymouth.
Ended communal labor plans.
Distributed land among the families.

Question 39

Plymouth Plantation

Answer 39

Colony established by Puritan Separatists as a safe haven for their religion.

Question 40

Plymouth & Indians

Answer 40

Had a symbiotic relationship with local Indians.

Question 41

Squanto & Samoset

Answer 41

Helped the settlers survive.

Squanto, a Pawtuxet that had been previously captured by Europeans and learned English.

Question 42

Thanksgiving

Answer 42

October, 1621

Marked alliance of settlers in Plymouth and Wanpanoag Indians.