Transplantation Immunology II Flashcards
A new era of transplantation and immunosuppression was opened up by the discovery of the specific anti-lymphocyte effects of ___________ in 1978.
Cyclosporine A (CsA)
In 1981, it reported the successful use of ______, anti-CD3 monoclonal Ab (mAb), against T-cell subsets for treatment in renal allograft rejection.
OKT3
In 1989, high immunosuppressive potential of _______ in reversing acute rejection was demonstrated.
Tacrolimus
__________ drugs are used for the prevention or treatment of rejection after transplantation.
Immunosuppressive
Primary goals of immunosuppression are:
– To effectively control immune responses against graft _____
– To minimize drugs’ side effects and toxicities
Ags
Patients on immunosuppressive drugs are more prone to opportunistic infections and have a raised incidence of ________.
Malignancy
This immunosuppressive drug is anti-inflammatory.
Steroid
These immunosuppressive drugs inhibits IL-2 gene transcription.
Cyclosporin A
Tacrolimus
This immunosuppressive drug activates T-cells, opsonization, depletion, and inhibits IL-2 function.
Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody
This immunosuppressive drug inhibits cytokine-mediated signal.
Sirolimus
Prednisone and methylprednisolone are anti-inflammatory __________.
Glucocorticosteroids
Corticosteroids mode of action:
- Inhibition of _______ proliferation
- Transcriptional inhibition of pro-inflammatory genes
- Induction of _______ apoptosis
T-cell
Lymphocyte
Corticosteroids are used clinically for treatment of transplant ________.
Rejection
______ is an anti-CD3 mouse IgG2a mAb.
OKT3
OKT3 blocks the function of the ______ molecule in the membrane of human T cells.
CD3
OKT3 is used clinically for induction therapy, and treatment of acute or _______-resistant rejection.
Steroid
OKT3 is effective in _________ and treatment of allograft rejection in all types of solid organ transplants.
Prophylaxis
T/F. Therapeutic T-cell-specific monoclonal antibodies act through four mechanisms that are not mutually exclusive.
True
The mechanisms of OKT3 action are…
Coating
Depletion
TCR down-modulation
Cell signaling
This is a peptide isolated from the fungus species.
CsA (Cyclosporine A)
CsA inhibits the ________-dependent pathway of T-cell activation.
Calcium
In cells, CsA forms a complex CsA-________-_______-_______. The complex inhibits the translocation of the _______ into the nucleus.
Cyclophilin-calmodulin-calcineurin
NFATc (Nuclear factor of activated T cells)
_____ transcriptionally inhibits production of cytokines IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, interferon-gamma, TNF-alpha and GM-CSF.
CsA
CsA is used for induction and maintenance immunoprophylaxis as a basis component of most immunosuppressive protocols in all types of organ ________.
Transplants
This is a macrolide lactone isolated from Streptomyces spp.
Tacrolimus
Tacrolimus inhibits the _______-dependent pathway of T-cell activation. Similar to CsA, tacrolimus forms a complex. This complex inhibits the translocation of ________ to the nucleus. This inhibits transcription of IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IFN-y, TNF-a, and GM-CSF.
Calcium
NFATc
________ is used clinically in all types of organ transplants for induction and maintenance immunoprophylaxis and treatment of acute rejection.
Tacrolimus
