Transplant, MS, & HIV Flashcards
The following flashcards are going to be on the Transplant, MS and HIV recording posted on blackboard
First thing we are going to talk about is transplants
most of the time we have to give transplants in whole, so like the entire organ needs to be donated
however, liver, lung and bowel can be transplanted in segment
how does the transplant process typically work ?
recipients match with donors based on ABO blood and HLA typing, medical urgency, time on the waiting list and geographic location
What is HLA ( human leukocyte antigen ) typing and testing mean ?
how much antigens a patient has and its compared to the donor and the more similar, the more likely the transplant is to be successful
what type of medication are we placing patients who have a transplant on?
immunosuppressive therapy
how many medications are patients with transplants usually are taking ?
and how are they taking it?
3 drugs at a time
high dose
why do we give patients who have a transplant a high dosage of drug first then slowly taper down ?
to prevent signs of rejection
most of the time patients who have received a transplant are going to be on what ?
so we have to tell them what?
these drugs for life
monitor signs of infection because again, its suppressing your bone marrow to prevent rejection, however it surpresses it so you won’t be able to fight off infection
what are the 3 types of transplant rejections that we need to know ?
hyper acute rejection
acute rejection
chronic rejection
what is the hyper acute rejection?(patho)
time frame ?
treatment ?
presence of antibodies cause destruction of blood vessels
24 hours of rejection
transplanted organ must be removed
what is acute rejection ?
time frame ?
treatment?
occurs within first 6 months
is potentially reversible-treated with high doses of immunosuppressants
what is chronic rejection ?
what does it result in?
treatment ?
occurs over months to years causes is unknown
results in scarring of transplanted organ
supportive
we discussed all the typical rejections right, usually your own body does not like the foreign transplant body part coming in.
however we can have something called graft vs host,which is ?
when the transplant does not like the recipient
typically graft vs host is mainly found in patients who are receiving what ?
stem cell transplants
what is the path behind graft vs host ?
T cell attack recipient cell-skins, liver and gi tract
skin - rash
liver - hepatic coma
gi - gi bleed
what is the treatment for graft vs host?
immunosuppressants work best to prevent but we can use steroids or radiate stem cells before transplants
but no real specific treatment
now the following flashcards are going to be about osteomyelitis
what is osteomyelitis ?
severe infection of bone, bone marrow and surrounding soft tissue
what is direct osteomyelitis ?
what is indirect osteomyelitis ?
open wound, foreign body, DM
elderly, sickle cell, hemodialysis
what is the patho behind osteomyelitis ?
microorganism enter blood and grow, increasing pressure in bone, leading to ischemia and vascular compromise of periosteum
infection spreads through bone, cortex and marrow cavity, causing obstruction of blood flow and necrosis
most of the time in osteomyelitis, typically from the lack of good blood flow reaching the bone, infection is very hard to treat, but what do you think we will use to try to treat this ?
antibiotics
what is acute osteomyelitis?
last less than 1 month, many systemic manifestion
what is chronic osteomyelitis?
lasting longer than 1 month or failed antibiotics treatment
what are major complications from osteomyelitis?
septicemia, septic arthritis, pathologic fractures