Transplant-Liver Key Words Flashcards
Asterixis
a disorder in which a person loses motor control of some parts of the body. It is commonly called flapping hand tremor because the muscles in the fingers and the wrists are typically affected.
Test: Hands outstretched, fingers spread, eyes closed
Hydroxyzine
This drug is used to treat itching from jaundice
Lactulose
This drug is used by mouth or rectally to treat or prevent complications of liver disease (hepatic encephalopathy).
Goal: 3-4 bowel movements per day
Naltrexone
This drug is used to treat both alcohol use disorder (AUD) and opioid use disorder (OUD)
Xifaxan (Rifaximin)
This drug is used to prevent complications of liver disease (hepatic encephalopathy)
Two drugs used to prevent complications of liver disease (hepatic encephalopathy)
(1) Lactulose
(2) Xifaxan (Rifaximin)
Thiamine
Vitamin B1
Used to prevent muscle loss, neuropathy
Furosemide (lasix)
This drug is a strong diuretic (‘water pill’) and may cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
This drug is a potassium-sparing diuretic (water pill)
TIPS
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a procedure that involves inserting a stent (tube) to connect the portal veins to adjacent blood vessels that have lower pressure. This relieves the pressure of blood flowing through the diseased liver and can help stop bleeding and fluid back up.
Vitamin considerations
(1) Thiamine
(2) Magnesium
(3) Potassium
(4) Folic Acid
(5) multivitamin
Vaccine considerations
(1) flu
(2) COVID
(3) pneumonia
(4) Hep A
Paracentesis considerations
(1) total fluid removal (recommend 8L max)
(2) albumin IV with treatment
Why give albumin with paracentesis?
prevent circulatory dysfunctions after large-volume paracentesis
Tylenol in Liver disease
2,000 mg daily max
Complications of Cirrhosis
Catabolic Disease
(1) Ascites
— (a) treat with diuretics
—(b) low salt diet (2g)
—(c) paracentesis
(2) Hepatic encephalopathy
—(a) Xifaxan (Rifaximin)
—(b) Lactulose
(3) Esophageal varices
(4) Liver cancer
(5) Sarcopenia (muscle wasting)
Ways to treat ascites
— (a) treat with diuretics
—(b) low salt diet (2g)
—(c) paracentesis
Ways to treat/prevent hepatic encephalopathy
—(a) Xifaxan (Rifaximin)
—(b) Lactulose
Recommended diet for prevention of Sarcopenia (muscle wasting)
- 4-5 meals per day (increase protein)
- bedtime snack
- Dietician performs frailty testing
- Low sodium diet (2g)
Sodium diet guidlines
No more than 2g per day
cachectic
loss of weight, muscle atrophy, fatigue, weakness and significant loss of appetite in someone who is not actively trying to lose weight.
Jaundice is visible in conjunctiva, skin, and mucosa when the serum bilirubin level rises above 2 mg/dL
Jaundice is visible in conjunctiva, skin, and mucosa when the serum bilirubin level rises above 2 mg/dL
Where does jaundice first appear?
mucosa under the tongue
