Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology 2 > Transplant Immunology > Flashcards

Transplant Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

transplant rejection

A
  • is the destruction of grafted tissue by the acquired immune system of the recipient host
  • the immune response that destroys grafted tissue is directed at unique determinants that arise due to genetic differences between the donor and the recipient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

allogenic

A

describes individuals of the same species that are genetically different
genetic differences caused by polymorphisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Most polymorphic genes in the human genome

A

MHC class I and II genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F Blood group antigens have an effect on rejection

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

autograft

A

graft of tissue from one part of the body to another part of the body
genetically identical and shouldn’t be rejected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

syngeneic graft

A

one in which the donor and the recipient are genetically identical (e.g. identical twins)
no rejection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

allograft

A

graft between two patients that are not genetically identical
there will be rejection unless immumnosuppresives are used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

zenograft

A

graft between 2 different species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Allogenic solid tissue graft are rejected by ______

A

T cells specific for alloantigens on the transplanted tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Graft vs Host Disease

A

-after bone marrow transplant sometimes T cells from the grafted bone marrow will attack alloantigens of the host
results in inflammatory responses of the skin and GI tract
-unlike an organ transplant rejection the T cells can potentially recognize targets all over the body of the recipient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

GVHD in solid organ transplant

A

can occur if mature naive T cells remain in the vasculature of the transplanted organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Blood transfusion tissue grafts

A

Do not involve T cells as RBC’s don’t express MHC class I or II. A and/or B group antigens are the primary target

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F Everyone expresses O anitgen?

A

True, O antigen is at the core for both A and B antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F A person with type AB blood will not have antibodies specific for any of the blood group antigens in their circulation.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Type O can transfuse into _____

A

ANYONE, universal donors

but can only receive type O blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Type AB individuals are _____

A

universal recipients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Type A individuals can receive ___

A

Type O and A

18
Q

Type B individuals can receive ____

A

Type O and B

19
Q

Rh factor

A

expressed on the surface of RBCs
must be considered before transfusion
most important is RhD

20
Q

T/F There are no normal flora pathogens similar to Rh factor so unless an individual has had a prior transplant the body will not mount an immune response

A

true

21
Q

Rh neg

A

can only receive from Rh neg donors

22
Q

Rh positive

A

can receive from positive or negative donors

23
Q

hyperacute rejection

A
  • is mediated by pre-formed antibodies that are specific for alloantigens that are expressed on the grafted tissue
  • The most common cause of hyperacute rejection is transplantation of tissue from a donor whose blood type is not compatible with the recipient’s
  • abs bind the A or B antigens expressed on the vascular epithelium of the donor tissue and initiate opsonization and complement leading to an inflammatory response and platelet adherence which results in occlusion of the small vessels of that tissue-effect is that the inflammatory response kills the tissue
  • can be prevented by proper cross-matching of blood
24
Q

T/F vascular epithelium expresses the same blood group antigens as are on the individuals RBCs

A

true

25
Q

Type O individuals has

A

anti A and B antibodies

26
Q

Type A individual has

A

anti B antibodies

27
Q

Type B individual has

A

anti A antibodies

28
Q

Type AB individual has

A

no antibodies

29
Q

acute transplant rejection

A
  • mediated by CTLs specific for alloantigens on the transplanted tissue
  • alloantigens of the tissue are most often the product of polymorphic genes-essentially MHC molecules
  • takes 11-15 days for rejection because the host has to prime an immune response
30
Q

first set rejection

A
  • CTL mediated rejection that occurs 11-15 days after transplant
  • host has to prime immune response
31
Q

second set rejections

A
  • CTL mediated rejection that occurs faster than first set (4-7 days)
  • occurs after individual has already primed a response to a previous transplant
  • mediated by memory T cells
32
Q

acute allograft transplant rejection mechanism

A
  • APC’s from the donor tissue migrate into the secondary lymphoid tissues of the host and because they express the MHC alloantigens of the donor a CTL response is primed
  • Recipient APCs will also take up pieces of grafted cells that have died and will be able to present determinants of the donor tissue to naïve T cells in the secondary lymphoid tissues
33
Q

T/F degree of matching at HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DR loci appear to be the most important for a successful tissue transplant

A

true

34
Q

T/F anti-inflammatory drug regimens are also extremely important to the success of transplantation of any tissue that has allogeneic determinants

A

true

35
Q

minor histocompatibility antigens

A
  • encoded within the MHC locus, responsible for rejection that occurs with identical MHC molecules
  • takes between 30 and 60 days in the absence of anti-inflammatory drugs
36
Q

T/F Liver transplants don’t require HLA-matching but do require proper blood group matching

A

true

37
Q

Why do corneal transplants not require HLA-matching or anti-inflammatory drugs?

A

Bc the tissue is not vascularized so CTLs can’t reach it. Therefore no hyper acute rejection

38
Q

Why is the fetus not rejected?

A
  • placenta acts as a barrier keeping moms t cells out and does not express MHC molecules
  • the placenta and the uterine epithelium produce Th2 cytokines that down regulate cell-mediated immune responses
39
Q

Rhogam

A
  • anti-RhD IgG antibodies
  • antibodies will rapidly bind to and cause the destruction of any fetal RhD-positive RBCs that get into the mother’s circulation, preventing the mom from making an anti-RhD response that would lead to IgG specific antibodies that could cross the placental barrier and affect the fetus
40
Q

erythroblastosis fetalis or hemolytic disease of the newborn

A
  • an RhD negative mother carrying an RhD positive child who has made abs against the RhD factor in the childs blood will prime an IgG ab response that can cross the placental barrier and bind and destroy fetal RBCs
  • child also develops immune complex disease
  • enlargement of spleen and liver as well as petechial lesions due to the depletion of platelets that results from excessive platelet adherence to the walls of small blood vessels (mediated by macrophage derived TNF-alpha production).
41
Q

When should RhoGam be given

A
  • give to a RhD neg mother with a RhD positive child who has a blood type compatible with hers
  • If child has a blood type not compatible with hers then if the childs blood gets into the mothers circulation then the mothers abs against the fetal blood will destroy the RBC’s before the body primes an anti-RhD response
42
Q

symptoms of GVHD

A
  1. macropapular skin rash
  2. high bilirubin serum levels secondary to bile duct inflammation
  3. diarrhea

Immunology 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions