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Biology: 3.1.3 Plant Transport > transpiration > Flashcards

transpiration Flashcards

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1
Q

what is transpiration

A

evaporation of water from the plants surface as a result of gas exchange

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2
Q

how does transpiration occur

A

plants open stomata to let carbon dioxide enter for photosynthesis but this opening releases water as there is a higher conc of water inside the leaf compared to the surrounding air

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3
Q

how does light affect transpiration rate

A

the lighter it is the faster the rate of transpiration

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4
Q

why does higher light increase transpiration

A

stomata open when it gets light so that CO2 can diffuse in for photosynthesis

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5
Q

how does temperature affect transpiration rate

A

the warmer it is the faster the rate of transpiration

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6
Q

why do higher temps increase transpiration

A

warmer water molecules have more energy and so evaporate quicker increasing the water potential gradient

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7
Q

how does humidity affect transpiration

A

lower humidity increases transpiration rate

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8
Q

why does low humidity increase transpiration

A

the air around the plant is dry which then increases the water potential gradient between the leaves and the air

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9
Q

how does wind affect transpiration

A

the windier it is the faster the rate of transpiration

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10
Q

why does increased wind increase transpiration

A

lots of air movement blows away water molecules from around stomata, increasing water potential gradient

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11
Q

what is the procedure for setting up a potometer

A
  1. cut a shoot underwater
  2. place the shoot in the tube, make sure it is airtight, using vaseline to seal any gaps
  3. dry the leaves of the shoot
  4. remove the capillary tube from the beaker of water to allow a single air bubble to form and place the tube back into the water
  5. set up the environmental factor you are investigating
  6. allow the plant to adapt to the new environment for 5 minutes
  7. record the starting location of the air bubble
  8. leave for a set period of time
  9. record the end location of the air bubble
  10. repeat experiment 3x
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12
Q

why does the shoot have to be cut underwater

A

this is done to prevent air from entering the xylem

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13
Q

why does the shoot have to be cut slanted

A

increase the surface area available for uptake

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14
Q

why do you have to ensure it is airtight

A

ig air enters the apparatus the readings will be affected

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15
Q

why do you have to dry the leaves

A

any moisture present on the leaves will affect the rate of transpiration

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16
Q

how would you investigate the effects of wind

A

use a fan at different distances

17
Q

how would you investigate the effects of humidity

A

spray water in a plastic bag and wrap around the plant

18
Q

how would you investigate the effects of light intensity

A

place a light source at different differences from plant

19
Q

how would investigate the effects of temperature

A

place in different temperatures

20
Q

what are xerophytes

A

plants adapted to live in dry climates

21
Q

why do xerophytes have sunken stomata

A

sheltered from the wind to decrease transpiration

22
Q

why do xerophytes have layers of hairs on there epidermis

A

trap moist air to decrease water potential gradient

23
Q

why do xerophytes roll their leaves in hot and windy conditions

A

trap moist air to decrease water potential gradient and also reduces exposed surface area for transpiration

24
Q

why do xerophytes have a think, waxy layer on their epidermis

A

reduces water loss by transpiration as it is water proof

25
Q

why do cacti have spines instead of leaves

A

reduces surface area for water loss

26
Q

what do cacti do when temperatures are really hot

A

close their stomata

27
Q

what are hydrophytes

A

live in aquatic environments

28
Q

what do air spaces in hydrophytes allow

A

float and as a source of oxygen for respiration

29
Q

where do hydrophytes have their stomata

A

only present on upper surface of leaves to maximise gas exchange

Biology: 3.1.3 Plant Transport (3 decks)

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