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transmission of infection Flashcards

1
Q

most cost effective intervention for world wide disease

A

hand washing

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2
Q

what is produced by immune system and can either destroy or inactive pathogens

A

antibodies

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3
Q

special group or type of antibodies that render a toxic substance harmless

A

antitoxins

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4
Q

most microorganism that cause disease are called

A

pathogens (germs)

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5
Q

bacteria sometime call germs or microbes are called

A

one celled microorganism that grow best in warm dark damp/dirty environments

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6
Q

bacteria are classified as what 2 categories

A

non pathogenic and pathogenic

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7
Q

what are non pathogenic

A

NON disease producing HARMLESS BENEFICIAL approx 70% of all bacteria many live on surface of skin medical applications cause decay of refuse or vegetation LIVE ON DEAD OR DECAYING ORGANIC MATTER = SAPHROCYTES

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8
Q

what are pathogenic

A

DISEASE producing can cause disease and live everywhere some cause infections, produce toxins (poison) spread easily via contamination

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9
Q

when a disease spread from 1 person to another via contamination

A

contagious or communicable

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10
Q

what simple action can prevent pathogens from spreading

A

washing hands before and after treatment

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11
Q

examples of contagious bacterial diseases include

A

strep throat staph infection impetigo

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12
Q

bacteria causing infection by

A

invading body thru break in skin or natural openings like mouth nose eyes ears

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13
Q

an infections occurs

A

when insufficient numbers of antibodies are produced by the Boyd defense immune sys to fight harmful bacteria

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14
Q

majority of skin infections are caused by

A

staph and strep bacteria

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15
Q

problems such as skin infections can be

A

a contraindication (reasons for withholding a particular treatment)

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16
Q

highly resistant bacterial infections include

A

MRSA, MYCOBACTERIUM

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17
Q

MRSA

A

(methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus)
HIGHLY contagious
enters skin thru open wounds can cause staph infections may appear as pimples or boils resistant to most antibiotics many infected people DONT show symptoms (disinfection procedures are required to reduce exposure

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18
Q

mycobacterium

A

contagious bacteria often found in soil or water including tap water treated with chlorine to prevent pathogens from entering avoid having cracked or dry skin *** sinks pedicure bowls area using water are required for method prevention

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19
Q

virus: submicroscopic infectious particle

A

smaller than bacteria require a host to multiply otherwise can’t survive not treatable with antibiotics invade cells and redirect to produce more virus symptoms may appear 10-14 days of exposure MOST CONTAGIOUS JUST DAYS BEFORE SYMPTOMS APPEAR

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20
Q

what can be preventative measure for certain virus such as hepatitis

A

vaccinations

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21
Q

3 examples of diseases

A

respiratory gastrointestinal infections
chicken pocks
measles

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22
Q

infection control

A

term used to describe efforts to prevent the spread of communicable disease

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23
Q

cleaning

A

standards apply to removing dirt debris potential pathogens to aid in slowing the growth of pathogens

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24
Q

disinfection

A

standards required products to kill certain pathogens (bacteria, fungi, virus) w exception of spores

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25
Q

sterilization

A

standard state of all microbial life including spores must be killed or destroyed

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26
Q

cleaning

A

removal of surface or visible dirt and potential pathogens using soap detergent or chemical cleaner followed by clean water rinse preparation step for non porous items before disinfecting reduces number and slows growth of pathogens on both porous and nonporous surface

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27
Q

cleaning is performed on

A

noncritical objects (objects that come in contact with unbroken skin)

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28
Q

facts about cleaning

A

does NOT kill pathogens but helps slow and reduce growth
reduces amount of organic matter that contributes to growth of pathogens
requires mechanical or scrubbing process that causes pathogens to loosen for removal
ALONE DOES NOT MAKE IT SAFE TO USE

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29
Q

sanitizer

A

chemical product used to reduce pathogens on surface that are nonporous surface

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30
Q

antiseptic

A

**waterless sanitizer can be applied to skin to reduce pathogens

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31
Q

what % of isopropyl alc or hydrogen peroxide can be used as topical antiseptic for the skin

A

70%

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32
Q

change air conditioner and forced air filters

A

as needed

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33
Q

disinfection

A

kills certain pathogens w exception of spores on nonporous surface tools and multiuser suppliers

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34
Q

disinfectants

A

chemical products used to kill certain pathogens (bacteria virus fungi) w exception of spores on nonporous surface
* can be toxic, regulated by law thru governing agency
*works well on nonporous & multiuse supplies but can be harmful to skin

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35
Q

bactericidal kills

A

Bacteria

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36
Q

fungicidal kills

A

fungi

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37
Q

virucidal kills

A

virus

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38
Q

SDS

A

safety data sheet designed to provide key info on specific products

39
Q

efficacy

A

ability to produce results or efficiency

40
Q

who approves efficacy

A

EPA, products used for infection control
manufacture submits product for verification and lists on product label

41
Q

EPA registration number

A

product gets number along w approval of efficacy claims on label which indicates results have been verified

42
Q

important terms related to efficacy

A

blood borne pathogens
OSHA blood borne pathogen standards
EPA registered disinfectant

43
Q

blood borne pathogen

A

infectious micro organism in human blood that can cause disease

44
Q

EPA registered disinfectant

A

refers to chemical products assigned by EPA as being effective on nonporous surfaces to control the spread of disease

44
Q

OSHA blood borne pathogen standards

A

use an approved spa registered bactericidal, viruscidal fungicidal disinfectant labeled as effective against HBV and HIV according to manufactures instruction

45
Q

EPA approves of disinfectants of

A

solutions
wipes
sprays

46
Q

when choosing a disinfectant

A

quick and effective
adhering to contact time listed on label; only way to ensure pathogens are killed/inactivated
complete immersion

47
Q

disinfected solution (concentrated liquid)

A

USE: various dilutions depending on purpose; non porous tools, work surface floors
DIRECTION: follow manufactures instructions for dilution procedure, contact time
HAZARD: irritant to skin

48
Q

wipe

A

USE: works on surface electrical wires cabling
DIRECTIONS: wipe over area
HAZARD: irritation to skin

49
Q

spray (pump/aersol)

A

USE: works on surface
DIRECTIONS: spray & wipe dry
HAZARD: inhalation of fumes

50
Q

quaternary ammonium compounds QUATS

A

multiple quotes blended working together to increase effectiveness of disinfectant product
** usually able to disinfect within 10 mins

51
Q

sodium hypochlorite 5.25% concentrate (bleach)

A

needs to have EPA registered # containing at least 5% sodium hypochlorite diluted to a 10% solution
** to be disinfectant, bleach needs to contain chlorine
* store away from heat/light

52
Q

accelerated hydrogen peroxide

A

based on stabilization
needs to be changed every 14 days
nontoxic to skin
available in spray, solution, and wipes

53
Q

phenolic disinfectant (tuberculocidal)

A

CANCER CAUSING chemical only be used w EPA label when required by regulatory agency

54
Q

nonporous tools/ multi use supplies

A

disinfect after each use

55
Q

electrical equipment

A

disinfect unplugged electrical appliances using EPA registered disinfectant

56
Q

large surfaces (workstation)

A

clean the surface

57
Q

single use/ disposable

A

POROUS items
cannot be disinfected properly
discarded after each use

58
Q

multiuser/ reusable

A

NONPOROUS
needs to be cleaned then disinfected w EPA registered disinfectant

59
Q

ALL tools and supplies that comes in contact during a service must be

A

discarded or disinfected

60
Q

single use gloves

A

required for waxing or extraction procedure when there is possibility to blood or bodily fluids
** most common: latex, vinyl , nitrile

61
Q

to ensure proper storage and labeling

A

tightly cover/ label
store in an area cool and dry
purchase in small quantities

62
Q

to ensure proper use of disinfectant

A

remove items from disinfectant tongs gloves draining basket
avoid inhaling or spilling
avoid contact w skin and eyes
immediately wipe up spill
wear single use gloves and safety glasses
wash hands after handling

63
Q

follow manufactures instruction to mix use and dispose of disinfectants

A

wear gloves, protective apron, safety glasses when making disinfectants
dilute concentration according to manufacters instructions
as required by EPA change disinfection solution daily
rinse empty chemical container place in covered bin
follow waste disposal/ recycling requirements

64
Q

follow manufacture instruction to dispose of sharp objects from aerosol cans

A

dispose of sharp objects in sealable puncture proof Sharpe container
do not pierce or burn aerosol cans

65
Q

sterilization is

A

MOST EFFECTIVE infection control procedure killing or destroying all microbial life including spores
critical use tools must be disposed of puncture proof container or sterilized

66
Q

sterilization define

A

eradication of all microbial life including bacterial spores through the use of heat steam or chemical sterilants
***AUTOCLAVE: piece of equipment used to sterilize objects using steam at high pressure

67
Q

aseptic procedure

A

used to reduce contamination w proper handling of disinfected & sterile tools & equipment

68
Q

cross contamination

A

unintentional transfer of harmful bacteria from one person to another w harmful effects

69
Q

decanting

A

remove product from original container into separate new or sterile container

70
Q

autoclave

A

pressurized steam heated vessel that sterilizes nonporous tools and equipment w high pressure and heat or pressurized steam
**found in some skin care centers
used on critical instruments that are used to kill pathogens
DONT use on high freuquency or galvanic device electrodes
*spore testing is required to ensure functionality thru independent lab every 30 days
*biological monitoring to verify unit is functioning properly is required WEEKLY

71
Q

sterilization

A

*kills ALL pathogens (bacterial spores)
*tools that are used to puncture or invade skin
*heat or steam calibrated to various temps or chemical sterilants

72
Q

disinfection

A

*Kills BACTERIA VIRUS FUNGI (except bacterial spores)
*nonporous tools that came in contact w blood/ bodily fluids (or no contact)
*EPA registered bactericidal, viruscidal, fungicidal disinfectant labled effective against HBV HIV according to manufactures instruction

73
Q

cleaning

A

*REMOVES dirt debris potential pathogens
*counter tops sinks floors toilet, towel, linens, ur hands
*soap and warm water

74
Q

to record all accidents that happen in a work place

A

salon and spas have accident logbooks
** good Samaritan law encourages other ppl to help in emergencies

75
Q

bleed and wound guidelines

A

glove ur hands
place clean cloth over wound w firm pressure for 5 mins
call 911 if severe bleeding
elevate injured arm or leg above victims heart
when bleeding stops secure bandage
DO NOT entirely remove cloth from wound visually inspect flow of blood thru cloth
*****only consider tourniquet if bleeding is uncontrollable or pulsating

76
Q

first degree burn

A

SUPERFICIAL burn never blisters heals 3-4 days NO SCARRING

77
Q

2nd degree

A

extends beneath epidermis into dermis blisters form

78
Q

3rd degree

A

extends all the way thru second layer of skin may or may not blister

79
Q

to avoid burning a client w exfoliation to peel

A

patch test inside arm or behind the ear

80
Q

chemical burn will cause

A

extreme erythema or redness mild to severe itching as burn starts to heal

81
Q

welts often appear

A

on the skin or overall puffiness

82
Q

while protecting urself from chemical peels burn

A

for DRY chemicals brush off remaining material but NOT in the air

83
Q

to remove glycolic or AHA

A

use neutralizer

84
Q
A
85
Q

to prevent further burning

A

remove contained clothing or jewelry
rinse burn by running cool tap water for 10+ mins
loosely apply bandage
soothing emollient under cool compress

86
Q

seek emergency care

A

client shows sign of shock
burn has penetrated thru 1st layer of skin and diameter of 3’

87
Q

electrical burns are usually caused

A

by faulty equipment or improper use

88
Q

if skin is not broken

A

immerse in cold water or apply cool compress w bandage clean w dry cloth

89
Q

do not break blister if one forms

A

and do not apply ointment or creams

90
Q

choking guidelines

A

determine if victim can speak or cough
call 911 while performing abdominal thrust
stand behind victim wrap arms around stomach
make thumbless fist place above belly button well below ribs
thumb and forefinger side should be toward the victim
perform abdominal thrust by grasping fist w other hand pulling inward and slightly upward

91
Q

fainting is caused by

A

sudden drop in blood pressure which can prevent oxygen going into the brain

92
Q

fainting guidelines

A

lay victim on back
make sure they have air
reassure victim & add cold compress
if victim vomits roll on side

93
Q

chemical in eye

A

hold eye lid apart and flush eyeball w LUKEWARM water for 15-30 mins
*be careful not to let runoff water flow into other
place gauze above both eyes

theory (2 decks)

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