Transmission Genetics

Question 1

transmission genetics

Answer 1

the study of the inheritance of traits in successive generations

Question 2

molecular genetics

Answer 2

inheritance & variation in nucleic acids, proteins, and genomes and the connection to mechanisms of gene expression, inheritance, and evolution

Question 3

evolutionary genetics

Answer 3

the study of the origins and genetic relationships between organisms and the evolution of genes and genomes

Question 4

What is the blending model and why is it not accepted?

Answer 4

traits of offspring are intermediate between parents
- each parents’ contribution can not be recovered
- predicts populations would be homogenous
- can not explain how traits can skip generations

Question 5

Particulate Model

Answer 5

units of inheritance are passed to offspring from each parent

Question 6

What is an example of an allele?

Answer 6

W & w are different alleles.

Question 7

monogenic traits

Answer 7

trait determined by 1 gene

Question 8

polygenic trait

Answer 8

a phenotype or characteristic

Question 9

What basic principles did Mendel discover?

Answer 9

1. segregation of alleles
2. independent assortment of alleles

Question 10

dichotomous

Answer 10

two traits

Question 11

self-pollination

Answer 11

male & female gametes from the same plant are produced

Question 12

cross-pollination

Answer 12

gametes from different plants are mixed

Question 13

pure-breeding or true-breeding strains

Answer 13

homozygous (GG or gg) with identical alleles

Question 14

P generation

Answer 14

parental generation

Question 15

F1

Answer 15

first filial generation

Question 16

monohybrid

Answer 16

a hybrid that is heterozygous with respect to one specified gene

Question 17

genotype

Answer 17

the genetic makeup (GG, Gg, or gg)

Question 18

phenotype

Answer 18

the physical appearance (green or yellow)

Question 19

homozygous

Answer 19

two alleles are identical (GG or gg)

Question 20

heterozygous

Answer 20

two alleles are different (Gg)

Question 21

replicate crosses

Answer 21

repeats each cross several times

Question 22

reciprocal crosses

Answer 22

same genotypes are crossed, but sexes of parents are reversed

Question 23

test crosses

Answer 23

used to determine the genotype of an organism with the dominant phenotype

Question 24

The Principle of Dominance

Answer 24

when one allele conceals or masks the presence of the other allele

Question 25

The Principle of Segregation

Answer 25

the two alleles segregate or separate from each other during the formation of gametes (meiosis)

Question 26

dihybrid cross

Answer 26

a hybrid that differs for two traits

Question 27

Principle of Independent Assortment

Answer 27

during gamete formation, the segregation of alleles of one gene is independent of the segregation of alleles of another gene

Question 28

product rule

Answer 28

if 2 or more events are independent of one another, the likelihood of their simultaneous occurrence is the product of their individual probabilities

Question 29

the sum rule

Answer 29

defines joint probability of occurrence of any two or more equivalent events
- used when more than one outcome will satisfy the conditions of the probability question

Question 30

conditional probabiltiy

Answer 30

involves questions asked after a cross has been made and is applied when information about the outcome modifies the probability calculation

Question 31

binomial probability

Answer 31

this approach expands the binomial expression to reflect the number of outcome combinations and the probability of each.
- some questions involve predicting the likelihood of a series of events (for which there are 2 or more possible outcomes each time)

Question 32

autosomal inheritance

Answer 32

refers to transmission of traits carried on autosomes, chromosomes found in both males and females (chromosomes 1-22)

Question 33

autosomal dominant

Answer 33

each individual who has the disease has at least one affected parent

Question 34

autosomal recessive

Answer 34

individuals who have the disease are often born to parents who do not

Question 35

sex-linked traits

Answer 35

carried on the X or Y chromosomes