Transmissible Infection

Question 1

Goal of transmission prevention?

Answer 1

Protecting patients and staff from transmission of potentially infectious agents

Question 2

What are some examples of causative organisms that can be transmitted?

Answer 2

Virus 
Fungi 
Prions
Parasites 
Bacteria

Question 3

Chain on infection?

Answer 3

Causative organism - virus 
Reservoir/host - human 
Portal of exit - sputum 
Mode of transmission - droplet 
Portal of entry - nose 
Susceptible host - immune compromise

Question 4

What is pathogenicity?

Answer 4

Proportion of infected individuals who develop clinically apparent disease

Question 5

What is virulence?

Answer 5

Proportion of clinically apparent cases are severe or fatal

Question 6

Examples of bloodborne pathogens?

Answer 6

Hep B + C
HIV
Ebola

Question 7

What is viral load?

Answer 7

of particles in each mL of blood

Question 8

What is viral shedding?

Answer 8

Process by which virus is spread

Question 9

Examples of reservoirs

Answer 9

Person 
Animal 
Food
Water 
Environment

Question 10

Examples of portal of exit?

Answer 10

Respiratory tract
GI tract
Wound drainage

Question 11

What is a health disparity?

Answer 11

Difference in health between groups

• affected by SDH, stigma

Question 12

How does SDH affect health disparities?

Answer 12

Limit or prevent access to health care services that may result in poor health outcomes and disparities

Question 13

What are some examples of standards precautions?

Answer 13

Hand hygiene 
PPE
Environmental cleaning 
Sharp/injection safety 
Cough/resp hygiene

Question 14

Examples of stigmas that affect health care?

Answer 14

Gender/gender identify
Race/ethnicity
Sex work
Drug use

Question 15

When to do hand hygiene?

Answer 15

Before abs after care 
After contact with environment 
Before clean/sterile task 
After blood/body fluid exposure 
Visible soiled 
Before abs after eating 
After personal hygiene

Question 16

When is soap and water recommended?

Answer 16

Visibly soiled
Before eating
After personal hygiene

Question 17

How long do you wash/rub during hand hygiene?

Answer 17

20sec

Question 18

What is frequently missed during hand hygiene?

Answer 18

Nails and thumb

Question 19

WHO has safe injection practices that goals are to what?

Answer 19

Do no harm to patient
Prevent risk of exposure to staff
Reduce exposure to community

Question 20

US safe injection practices coalition is what?

Answer 20

One needle
One syringe
One time

Question 21

Drug diversion?

Answer 21

CDC defines occurs when prescription medicines are obtained illegally

Question 22

What causes drug diversions in health care settings?

Answer 22

Lack of:

• prevention (security)
• detention (monitoring)
• response (reporting)

Question 23

Sharps safety?

Answer 23

Needle stick most common

Standards are outlined in OSHA blood borne pathogen standards

Prevention examples - needle free IV systems, retractable needles, sharps containers

Be prepared, Be aware and dispose with care

Question 24

Environmental controls that decreased transmission examples?

Answer 24

Air exchanges

Traffic control

Question 25

Why are prions a significant causative agent?

Answer 25

Hard to kill
Resistant to destruction by heat, chemicals, radiation, freezing etc…

To kill needs to soak in sodium hydroxide solution for 1hr but this would ruin instruments