Translations

Question 1

y=f(x)-a

Answer 1

y coordinates -a

Question 2

y=f(x+a)

Answer 2

x coordinates -a

Question 3

y=f(x-a)

Answer 3

x coordinates +a

Question 4

y=-f(x)

Answer 4

Reflection in the x axis, y coordinates become -y

Question 5

y=f(-x)

Answer 5

Reflection in the y axis, x coordinates become -x

Question 6

y=af(x)

Answer 6

Stretch vertically by factor a, y coordinate x a

Question 7

y=f(ax)

Answer 7

Stretch horizontally by factor 1/a, x coordinates x 1/2

Question 8

y=f(x)+a

Answer 8

y coordinates +a