Translation test 1

Question 1

Translation goal

Answer 1

make structural protein using mRNA as template

Question 2

only one codon

Answer 2

AUG and UGG

Question 3

stop codons

Answer 3

UAA UAG UGA

Question 4

tRNA structure and function

Answer 4

brings amino acids in
clover shape/ secondary structure
Function: carry appropriate AA into ribosome to add to polypeptide chain

Question 5

tRNA: eukaryotes vs prokaryotes

Answer 5

eukaryotes has more

Question 6

Acceptor stem

Answer 6

right before 3’ end, ACCA for all AA

Question 7

Aminoacyl tRNA (AARS)

Answer 7

covalently links amino acid to tRNA
ester bond/ covalent

Question 8

Anticodons

Answer 8

aligns with codon (antiparallel)
still need to read code 5’->3’ for figuring out name

Question 9

wobble

Answer 9

tRNA anticodon with mRNA codon
doesn’t always follow char gaff’s rule for base pairing (BUT ONLY FOR LAST BASE IN CODON/ 5’ IN ANTICODON)

Question 10

wobble base pairs

Answer 10

5’ Anticodon base:
C and A= normal
U= AG
G= UC
I= UCA

Question 11

reading frames

Answer 11

where you start
only 3 possible (look for start codon)

Question 12

Ribosome structure (prokaryotes)

Answer 12

30S 50S 70S
not additive
pro= odd

Question 13

Ribosome structure Eukaryotes

Answer 13

40S 60S 80S
Euk = Even (EEEEE)

Question 14

Places tRNA and mRNA interact in ribosome

Answer 14

A site
P site
E site

Question 15

A site

Answer 15

binds to A-tRNA aminoacyl-tRNA

Question 16

P Site

Answer 16

binds tRNA with growing peptide chain

Question 17

E Site

Answer 17

Exit E-tRNA
Empty move to Exit (EEE)

Question 18

HC=O

Answer 18

modification of meth so this= 1st tRNA in initiation

Question 19

Shine-Dalgaro sequence

Answer 19

sequence in mRNA that helps align sequence with small ribosomal subunit
prokaryotic only
ribosomal binding site 8 upstream

Question 20

translation initiation

Answer 20

look at slide 28 to understand how a p and e site work

Question 21

eukaryotic translation initiation

Answer 21

40S subunit scans DNA circularly until it finds start site

Question 22

Translation Factors IF-2

Answer 22

delivers initiator tRNA to P site of ribosome

Question 23

Translation factor EF-Tu

Answer 23

delivers aminoacyl-tRNA to A site of ribosome during elongation

Question 24

translation factor EF-G

Answer 24

binds to A site to promote translocation following peptide bond formation

Question 25

translation factor RF-1 and RF-2

Answer 25

binds to A sire at a stop codon and induces peptide transfer to water

Question 26

ribozyme

Answer 26

large ribosomal subunit catalyze ribosome formation of peptide bond

Question 27

peptide transferase reaction

Answer 27

AA3 does nuclophillic attack on AA2 and P site empties into A site
(growing polypeptide chain starts sitting in A site)

Question 28

translocation process

Answer 28

slide 34

Question 29

translation termination in E Coli

Answer 29

1. a release factor (RF 1 or 2) recognizes a stop codon in A site
2. RF causes the ribosome to transfer the peptide group to water to release the polypeptide chain
3. GTP hydrolysis by RF allows the release factors to dissociate

Question 30

post translational events

Answer 30

after proteins are synthesized, still need to do processing before going on