Translation part 1

Question 1

What is mRNA

Answer 1

provides the
message that is “read” by the
tRNA adaptors and translated
into an amino acid sequence

Question 1

What is tRNA

Answer 1

reads the genetic code, brings amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain

Question 2

what is rRNA

Answer 2

catalyzes peptide bond formation

Question 3

what do tRNA syntheses do

Answer 3

they couple amino acids to the 3’ end of tRNA

Attaches to a specific amino acid sequence on its 3’ end

Question 4

polypeptide synthesis is composed of 4 key steps

Answer 4

-Initiation
-Elongation
-Termination
-Ribosome Recycling

Question 5

Describe the 4 steps of polypeptide synthesis

Answer 5

Step 1: Translation initiation in the 5′ region of the mRNA transcript involves binding of the small and

large ribosomal subunits along with an aminoacylated tRNA.

Step 2: Translation elongation of the polypeptide chain involves binding of additional aminoacylated tRNA molecules to provide the substrates for polypeptide synthesis within the ribozyme active site.

Step 3: Translation termination occurs when a stop codon is reached in the mRNA transcript and a release factor binds to the ribosome in place of a charged tRNA, thereby releasing the polypeptide chain.

Step 4: The ribosome subunits dissociate and are recycled for another round of translation.

Question 6

How many binding sites do ribosome have

Answer 6

-E-site: exit
-P-site: peptide-tRNA
-A-site: aminoacyl-tRNA