Translation (ll)

Question 1

Implication of Antibiotics

Answer 1

Antibiotics have been used to combat
human bacterial infectious
disease.
• Antibiotics must specifically destroy
microbial invaders, but not harm the
human host.
• Some antibiotics work by blocking
events in translation.

Question 2

Can the antibiotic that block translation in prokaryotes effect the Eukaryote’s ribosome?

Answer 2

• Because of structural differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes, the human ribosomes are unaffected.

Question 3

Which antibiotic effect the small ribosomal subunits of of bacteria?

Answer 3

tetracyline
spectinomycin: prevents A–> P tRNA translocation
hygromycin B : increases the error rate
Streptomycin

Question 4

Which antibiotic effect the large ribosomal subunits of of bacteria?

Answer 4

chloramphenicol
spectinomycin B
erytheromycin; blocks the exist channel for peptide chain, blocks translocation of mRNA along ribosome

Question 5

Polyribosomes - bacteria

Answer 5

In a poly(ribo)some, more than one ribosome moves along the mRNA at
one time.
• Allows simultaneous translation of the mRNA by multiple ribosomes.

Question 6

spatiotemporal regulation in Eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Answer 6

Transcription and translation are simultaneous or coupled in prokaryotes because of lack of nucleus.
Eukaryotes: Transcription and translation are spatially separated

Question 7

Polyribosomes - Eukaryotes

Answer 7

In eukaryotes, polyribosomes are attached to the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the outer membrane of the nucleus; in bacteria they are found free in the cytoplasm.