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Intro to Biology > Translation > Flashcards

Translation Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

translation

A

RNA to protein

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2
Q

codon

A

A group of of three nucleotides in RNA

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3
Q

tRNA

A

adaptor molecules that bind to a codon with one part and bind to amino acid with the other part

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4
Q

anticodon

A

complementary nucleotides that bind to the codons of the RNA molecule

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5
Q

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

A

enzyme that makes sure the amino acid is linked to the correct tRNA molecules.

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6
Q

how many synthetases are there?

A

20; one for each possible amino acid

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7
Q

redundancy

A

one amino acid can have multiple codons match to it

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8
Q

what shape is tRNA?

A

a double helix then folds into an L shape.

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9
Q

how does amino acid link to tRNA

A

the top of tRNA has a single strand with a 3’ end. Covalent link is made

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10
Q

what does ATP do?

A

it links amino acid to tRNA and it grows the polypeptide chain

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11
Q

ribosomes

A

latches onto mRNA and positions the right tRNA and links amino acid.
MVP
Where all the magic happens

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12
Q

small subunit

A

matches tRNA to codons of mRNA

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13
Q

large subunit

A

catalyzes the making of peptide bonds that link all the amino acids into one polypeptide chain (through movement?)

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14
Q

initiation

A
  1. small subunit has Methionine in the P-site and translation initiation factors
  2. it attaches to the mRNA cap (G) and complex reads AUG
  3. initiation factors leave and large sub-unit comes in
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15
Q

AUG

A

the start codon for tRNA and ribosome complex

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16
Q

elongation

A
  1. tRNA binds to the A-site
  2. chain from p site joins the amino acid in the A site
  3. large subunit shifts and moves the tRNA with the amino acid chain to the p-site
  4. small subunit moves to catch up (3 nucleotides)
  5. used tRNA leaves
17
Q

EPA!

A

EPA! (sites in ribosome)

18
Q

termination

A
  • the ribosome reads the stop codons
  • release factor protein binds to the stop codon in the A-site (where tRNA would be)
  • amino acid chain, mRNA and ribosomal units are released!
19
Q

ribozyme

A

bc it has catalytic activity

RNA not protein is the catalyst

20
Q

ribosome makeup

A

research it!

Intro to Biology (6 decks)

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