Translation Flashcards
translation
RNA to protein
codon
A group of of three nucleotides in RNA
tRNA
adaptor molecules that bind to a codon with one part and bind to amino acid with the other part
anticodon
complementary nucleotides that bind to the codons of the RNA molecule
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
enzyme that makes sure the amino acid is linked to the correct tRNA molecules.
how many synthetases are there?
20; one for each possible amino acid
redundancy
one amino acid can have multiple codons match to it
what shape is tRNA?
a double helix then folds into an L shape.
how does amino acid link to tRNA
the top of tRNA has a single strand with a 3’ end. Covalent link is made
what does ATP do?
it links amino acid to tRNA and it grows the polypeptide chain
ribosomes
latches onto mRNA and positions the right tRNA and links amino acid.
MVP
Where all the magic happens
small subunit
matches tRNA to codons of mRNA
large subunit
catalyzes the making of peptide bonds that link all the amino acids into one polypeptide chain (through movement?)
initiation
- small subunit has Methionine in the P-site and translation initiation factors
- it attaches to the mRNA cap (G) and complex reads AUG
- initiation factors leave and large sub-unit comes in
AUG
the start codon for tRNA and ribosome complex
elongation
- tRNA binds to the A-site
- chain from p site joins the amino acid in the A site
- large subunit shifts and moves the tRNA with the amino acid chain to the p-site
- small subunit moves to catch up (3 nucleotides)
- used tRNA leaves
EPA!
EPA! (sites in ribosome)
termination
- the ribosome reads the stop codons
- release factor protein binds to the stop codon in the A-site (where tRNA would be)
- amino acid chain, mRNA and ribosomal units are released!
ribozyme
bc it has catalytic activity
RNA not protein is the catalyst
ribosome makeup
research it!
