Translation

Question 0

Stop codon

Answer 0

5’-UGA-3’ or UAA or UAG

Question 1

Start codon eukaryote

Answer 1

AUG

Question 2

ORF

Answer 2

Open reading frame

Question 3

Secondary start codon prokaryotes

Answer 3

GUG or UUG

Question 4

Polycistronic

Answer 4

Encodes multiple ORFs

Question 5

Monocistronic

Answer 5

Encodes one ORFs

Question 6

Are eukaryotes mono or polycistronic?

Answer 6

Monocistronic

Question 7

Are prokaryotes mono or polycistronic?

Answer 7

Polycistronic

Question 8

RBS

Answer 8

Ribosome binding site or shine-dalgarno sequence

1. Puts ribosome in right frame
2. Weaker the site -> less the ribosome interaction -> less the amount of protein made
3. Vice versa for stronger site

Question 9

Translational coupling

Answer 9

1. Ribosome can read through AUGA and not stop translating
2. Separate proteins are translated together
3. Bonded together initially but eventually get cut into the separate proteins.

Question 10

Eukaryote scanning

Answer 10

1. Multiprotein complex form at 5’ end on the 5’cap
2. Scans for start codon
3. 5’ cap is before the AUG

Question 11

Transfer RNA base pairs

Answer 11

1. 75-95 base pairs

Question 12

Transfer RNA function

Answer 12

Transfers RNA to ribosome

Question 13

Which part of the transfer RNA is most important for specifying protein?

Answer 13

The discriminator base in the opposite side of the anti-codon. Surprisingly not the anti-codon itself

Question 14

What do all transfer RNAs have in common on the acceptor arm?

Answer 14

All have a 3’ACC- at the end

Question 15

aa attachment

Answer 15

Acceptor arm

Question 16

Anticodon loop function

Answer 16

Recognizes codon in mRNA - binds codon

Question 17

Charging transfer RNAs

Answer 17

tRNAs are charged when they are bound to an amino acid

1. Adenylylation: Oxygen of amino acid attacks α phosphate
2. Creates adenylylated amino acid and pyrophosphate
3. The 3’OH attached to the 3’ACC of an uncharged tRNA attacks the carboxyl carbon of the amino acid
4. Creates charged tRNA with high energy bond and an AMP

Question 18

Class I synthetase

Answer 18

Class I enzymes attach the aa to the 2’-OH of terminal adenosine of tRNA

Question 19

Class II synthetase

Answer 19

Class II enzyme attach the aa to the 3’-OH of terminal adenosine of tRNA.

Question 20

True or false, in prokaryotes, transcription and translation are concurrent

Answer 20

True - but false for eukaryote

Question 21

tRNA binding sites

Answer 21

1. Aminoacylated-tRNA site = A site
2. Peptidyl-tRNA site = P site
3. Exit site = E site

Question 22

Ribosome cycle

Answer 22

1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination
4. Repeat (cyclic)

Question 23

Initiation

Answer 23

1. The ribosome complex separates temporarily.
2. The rRNA of the 16s small unit binds to mRNA putting the small unit and later the full complex in the right place
3. The initiator tRNA binds to the start codon of the mRNA (AUG)