translation

Question 1

what is meant by translation

Answer 1

mRNA joins with a ribosome (made of protein and rRNA) and a corresponding tRNA molecule brings the specific amino acid the codon codes for

Question 2

stage 1

Answer 2

the tRNA molecule with the complimentary anticodon to the start codon aligns opposite the mRNA, held in place by ribosomes. The ribosome can hold 2 tRNA molecules at a time

Question 3

stage 2

Answer 3

the two amino acids that have been delivered by the tRNA molecule are joined together via a peptide bond which is catalysed by an enzyme using ATP

Question 4

stage 3

Answer 4

the ribosome will move along the mRNA molecule to the next codon and another complimentary tRNA will attach to the next codon on the mRNA

Question 5

stage 4

Answer 5

this continues until the ribosome reaches the stop codon at the end of the mRNA molecule causing the ribosome to detach and ends translation

Question 6

stage 5

Answer 6

the polypeptide chain is now created and will enter the Golgi body for folding and modification

Question 7

what is the function of rRNA?

Answer 7

• ribosomal RNA
  maintains structural stability of protein synthesis and catalyses protein synthesis

Question 8

what is tRNA?

Answer 8

• transfer RNA
  molecules that act as temporary carriers of amino acids, bringing the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA sequence

Question 9

what is an anticodon?

Answer 9

a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a tRNA molecule

Question 10

describe the properties of tRNA

Answer 10

• H bonds
  -1 strand
• clover shape
• small
• ribose sugar