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Cell and Molecular Biology > Translation > Flashcards

Translation Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the function of a Shine-Dalgarno box

A

enables initiation of protein synthesis by aligning the ribosome w/ start codon

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2
Q

What is the first amino acid translated in bacteria

A

fMet = methionine + formyl group

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3
Q

True or False:
Only prokaryotes have a shine-dalgarno box

A

True

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4
Q

What is the function of the fMet

A

it is delivered to the ribosome and os only used for starting the protein synthesis process

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5
Q

Where does the fMet bind to

A

the P site

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6
Q

What is the function of translation initiation factors

A

ensures that translation starts correctly

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7
Q

What is the function of IF1

A

it blocks tRNA from entering the ribosome

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8
Q

What is the function of IF2

A

it binds to fMet tRNA to bring in the strat codon

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9
Q

What is the function of IF3

A

it ensures that there is match between the codon and anticodon for fMet

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10
Q

What happens to the translation initiation factors after they perform their functions

A

they dissociate (after joining large ribosomal subunit)

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11
Q

Why does transcription and translation occur simultaneously

A
  • both take place in cytoplasm
  • once shine-Dalgarno located translation can occur
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12
Q

How do eukaryotes initiate translation

A
  • small ribosomal subunit binds to 5’ cap of mRNA and moves along
  • AUG (methionine) is start codon
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13
Q

What are the 2 main eukaryotic translation initiation factors

A

eIF4E and eIF4G

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14
Q

What is the function of eIF4E

A

it binds to 5’ cap to signal the start of the mRNA

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15
Q

What is the function of eIF4G

A

it binds to eIF4E and other proteins necessary for translation (poly-A)

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16
Q

Why is transcription and translation separated in eukaryotes

A
  • transcription: nucleus
  • translation: cytoplasm
  • 5’ cap & poly-A tail needed for translation to start
17
Q

How do multiple ribosomes bind to mRNA in eukaryotes

A
  • mRNA forms a circle
  • the initiation factors & the ribosomal subunits can leave and rejoin the transcript nearby
18
Q

What is the function of microRNA

A

they bind to specific mRNA molecules and cause these mRNAs to be degraded or block them from being translated into proteins

19
Q

What is the role of peptidyl transferase

A

it catalyses the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids (btw A site and P site)

20
Q

In what direction are amino acids added on to

A
  • from the N terminal to the C terminal
  • amino acids are added to C-terminal
21
Q

What are elongation factors

A

proteins that help facilitate the movement of tRNA and mRNA through the ribosome

22
Q

What is EF-Tu main function

A

it delivers aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site of ribosome

23
Q

What is EF-Gu main function

A

it promotes the translocation from the A site to the P site

24
Q

How many stop codons are there

A

3

25
Q

Outline how EF-Tu helps load the A site

A

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Cell and Molecular Biology (8 decks)

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