Translation Flashcards
What does the Central Dogma of Biology state?
DNA makes RNA, RNA makes proteins
Mention the 3 steps of translation
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Translation
What does mRNA stand for?
Messenger ribonucleic acid
What does tRNA stand for?
Transfer ribonucleic acid
What does rRNA stand for?
Ribosomal ribonucleic acid
How does mRNA differ from tRNA and rRNA?
They are unstable and easily degradable in the cytoplasm
What is the role of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase?
Catalyze aminoacylation
Where does the ribosome bind to in eukaryotes?
5’ - CAP (untranslated region)
Where does the ribosome bind to in bacteria?
Ribosomal binding site (RBS) where the Shine Dalgarno Sequence is
During initiation, what is the codon that indicates the “start” of translation?
AUG
What amino acid does AUG code for?
Methionine
On which site of the large ribosomal subunit does the first tRNA bind onto?
the “P” site
What are the 3 sites in the large ribosomal subunit?
A site, P site, E site
The tRNA codon is ____ and ____ to the mRNA codon
complementary, antiparallel
What is the translator of genes?
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
What bond is formed between the carboxyl group of an amino acid and the amino group of a second amino acid?
Peptide bonds
More than one codon codes for one amino acid is the definition of ___
Amino acid redundancy/Degenerate code
Nonstandard base pairing at the third base allows for a single tRNA to bind to multiple codons is the definition of ___
The Wobble Effect
Stop codons are ___, ___, ___
UAA, UAG, UGA
