Transition Metals Flashcards
What is a transition metal
a metal which can form one or more stable ions with an incomplete D sub shell
What are the physical and chemical properties of a transition metal
Physical
High density
High melting and boiling points
Chemical Variable oxidation states Good catalysts Coloured ions Complex ions
What is a complex ion
A metal ion surrounded by co ordinately bonded ligands.
Hexaaqua complex
Six water ligands surrounding a central metal ion. Octahedral shape.
Why are some compounds white or colourless
Because the 3d electrons are full so no electrons will jump so no energy is absorbed as all the light will be reflected.
What happens when carbon monoxide is inhaled
The carbon monoxide forms a ligand substitution reaction with H2O on the haemoglobin forming caboxyhaemoglobin
Chelate effect
Multidentate ligands always form more stable complexes than monodentate because of the increase in entropy
The haber process
Fe to make ammonia
Sulfur poisons this catalyst. The hydrogen obtained is from methane a natural gas so all impurities must be removed. Iron sulfide formed.
The contact process
Vanadium oxide to make sulfuric acid
Catalytic converters
Ceramic lattice coated in a thin layer of rhodium
2CO+2NO———2CO2+N2
Lead can coat the surface of the catalytic converter so vehicles must run on unleaded petrol
Autocatalysis
Mn2+ as its a product of the reaction
What is a coordination number
The number of coordinate bonds that are formed with the central ion in a complex ion
