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Advanced Higher Chemistry: Unit 1- Inorganic And Physical Chemistry > Transition Metals > Flashcards

Transition Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

What are transition metals said to be? (Block)

A

D-block elements

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2
Q

Give the definition of transition metals

A

Transition metals form at least one ion with a partially filled d-sub shell

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3
Q

The d orbitals are filled according to the Aufbau principle, with the exception of what 2 elements?

A

Copper

Chromium

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4
Q

What are half filled d orbitals said to be and why?

A

More stable due to the equal distribution of charge around the atom

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5
Q

What are the 3 d5 configuration anomalies ?

A

Chromium
Molybdenum
Tungsten

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6
Q

What are the 2 d10 configuration anomalies?

A

Copper and silver

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7
Q

What can transition metals exhibit ?

A

Variable valency - the atoms can lose the 4s electrons and some or all of the 3d electrons

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8
Q

What do transition metals have?

A

Coloured ions

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9
Q

Why are Sc3+ and Zn2+ not considered transition metals?

A

Because they do not have a partially filled d-subshell

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10
Q

What does a transition metal complex consist of ?

A

A central transition metal ion surrounded by ligands

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11
Q

What are ligands ?

A

Electron rich (have non-bonding pairs of electrons) or are negatively charged ions

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12
Q

What are ligands said to be ?

A

Neutral or anionic non-metal species

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13
Q

What do ligands act as?

A

Electron donors to the transition metal ion

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14
Q

What do ligands form bonds with?

A

The transition metal ions by donating non-bonding electrons to empty d-orbitals on the central TM ion

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15
Q

The Ligand donates both electrons in the new bond. What is this bond called?

A

A dative covalent bond (represented by an arrow)

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16
Q

How may ligands be attached to the metal ion?

A

By a single atom (monodentate) or bound to the metal through two or more atoms (bidentate, tridentate)

17
Q

Give 2 examples of monodentate ligands ?

A

Ammonia

Water

18
Q

Give 2 examples of bidentate ligands ?

A

Ethanedioate ion

1,2- diaminoethane

19
Q

Give an example of a hexadentate ligand ?

A

EDTA4-

20
Q

What is the mole ratio of the metal ion to EDTA ?

A

1:1

21
Q

What is the cooridination number of the ion?

A

The number of BONDS from the Ligand to the central ion

22
Q

What are coordination number and geometry determined by?

A

A combination of metal ion size and Ligand size

23
Q

What shape are complexes with coordination number 4 typically?

A

Tetrahedral or square planar

24
Q

What shows the coordination number of the TM ion?

A

The chemical formulae

25
Q

What shape are complexes with coordination number 6 typically?

A

Octahedral

Advanced Higher Chemistry: Unit 1- Inorganic And Physical Chemistry (12 decks)

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