Transition metals 5

Question 1

Define D block element

Answer 1

Highest energy electron is in a D orbital/ sub shell

Question 2

Define transition metal

Answer 2

Is an element that forms at least one ion with a partially filled D subshell

Question 3

Describe the characteristics of transition metals

Answer 3

. They have variable oxidation states
. They form coloured compounds/ ions in solution
. They are good catalysts

Question 4

Describe the colour of Cu2+ when in solution and the precipitate formed

Answer 4

solution= Dark blue
Precipitate= Pale blue

Question 5

Describe the colour of Fe2+ when in solution and the precipitate formed

Answer 5

Solution= pale green
Precipitate= green

Question 6

Describe the colour of Fe3+ when in solution and the precipitate formed

Answer 6

Solution= pale yellow
Precipitate= rusty brown( brown/orange)

Question 7

Describe the colour of Mn2+ when in solution and the precipitate formed

Answer 7

Solution= pale pink
Precipitate= light brown

Question 8

Describe the colour of Cr3+ when in solution and the precipitate formed

Answer 8

Solution= Green ( violet when freshly made)
Precipitate= Green ( soluble in excess NaOH, forming a dark green solution)

Question 9

Define complex ion

Answer 9

A central metal ion surrounded by ligands

Question 10

Define ligand

Answer 10

A molecule or ion that donates a lone pair of electrons to the central metal ion to form a dative covalent ( coordinate) bond

Question 11

Define coordinate number

Answer 11

Indicates the number of coordinate bonds to the central metal ion

Question 12

Define monodentate ligand

Answer 12

Donates only one lone pair of electrons forming one coordinate bonds

Question 13

Define bidentate ligand

Answer 13

Donates two lone pairs of electrons forming two coordinate bonds

Question 14

What is the shape and bond angle when there are 6 coordinate bonds

Answer 14

Shape- Octahedral
Angle- 90

Question 15

What is the shape and bond angle when there are 4 coordinate bonds

Answer 15

Shape- Tetrahedral
Angle- 109.5

Question 16

What is the shape and bond angle when there are 4 coordinate bonds around Ni or Pt

Answer 16

Shape- Square planar
Angle- 90

Question 17

Define steroisomer

Answer 17

Same structural formula but different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 18

Describe the criteria of cis-trans isomers with monodentate ligands

Answer 18

. Octahedral or square planar shape
. 4 of one type of ligand and 2 of the other

Question 19

What cis-trans isomer is present when 2 ligands are opposite each other

Answer 19

Trans isomer ( at 180 from each other)

Question 20

What cis-trans isomer is present when 2 ligands are next to each other

Answer 20

Cis isomer ( at 90 from each other)

Question 21

Why is cis- platin used as a cancer chemotherapy treatment then trans-platin

Answer 21

The cis-platin binds to the DNA in cancer cells and prevents cell/ division/ replication

Question 22

Describe the criteria of cis-trans isomers with bidentate ligands

Answer 22

. Octahedral shape
. 2 of the bidentate ligands and 2 of the monodentate ligand

Question 23

Define optical isomerism

Answer 23

Are non- superimposable mirror images of each other

Question 24

What are the criteria for optical isomerism

Answer 24

. Octahedral shape
. 2 or more bidentate ligands present

Question 25

How are optical isomers detected

Answer 25

Detected by subjecting them to plane polarised light as they rotate plane polarised light in opposite directions