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Chemistry Unit 5 > Transition Metals > Flashcards

Transition Metals Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the 4 main features of a transition metal?

A

Formation of complexes
Formation of coloured ions
Variable oxidation states
Catalytic activity

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1
Q

What makes a metal a transition metal?
Which atoms/ions are not transition metals?
Why?
What is responsible for transition metal properties?

A 
Incomplete d(or f) sub-shell in the atom or ion
Zn,Cu and Sc
Zen has complete d shell in atom and ion
Cu2+ and Sc3+ have complete d shell
D sub shell
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2
Q

How do complex ions form?

What does variable oxidation states allow transition metal ions to do?

A

When a central metal ion is coordinately bonded to ions or other molecules which are known as ligands
Allows them to take part in many redox reactions

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3
Q

What is a complex formation?
What is a ligand?
What is a coordination number?

A

Central metal ion surrounded by ligands
Any atom,ion or molecules that can donate a pair of electrons to a metal ion
Number of atoms/coordinate bonds directly bonded to the central metal ion

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4
Q 
Ligand 
   What is 
      Unidentate
      Bidentate
      Multidentate?
A

1 coordinate bond by donating 1 lone pair
2 coordinate bonds by donating 2 lone pairs
More than 2 coordinate bonds by donating more than 2 lone pairs

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5
Q

Shapes of complexes
What’s are the 4 types?
What are the angles respectively?
What are examples respectively?
What is Diamine silver (I) complex used for?
What is cis-platin used for? What is a problem with this?

A

Ocathedral,tetrahedral,square planar,linear
90,109.5,90,180
H2O,Cl,cud-platin,NH3
Tokens reagent to distinguish between aldehyde and ketone
Treat cancer by forming bonds with bases preventing them from unwinding and replicating. Also affects healthy cells

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6
Q

Formation of coloured ions
What are coloured ions used to do?
What causes a colour change?

A

Distinguish between transition metals

Change in: oxidation state,ligands,coordination number

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7
Q 
What is the colour of [Fe(H2O)6]2+?
What is the colour of [Fe(H2O)6]3+?
How does 2+ turn to 3+?
What's an equation to show this?
What is oxidation represented by?
A 
Green
Pale violet(yellow)
Oxidation standing in air by O2
[Fe(H2O)6]2+ --> [Fe(H2O)6]3+ + e-
[o]
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8
Q

What is the colour of [Cu(H2O)6]2+?
What is the colour of [CuCl4]2-?
Why are there less Cl around than water?

A

Blue
Yellow green
Cl is bigger than H2O

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9
Q

What is the colour of [Cr(H2O)6]3+?

What is the colour of NH3?

A

Red/violet

Purple

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10
Q

What causes a transition metal complex to be coloured?

A

Light energy is absorbed which causes an electron in d orbital to be excited
Electron moves to a higher energy level
Colour not absorbed/reflected is seen

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11
Q

What is the equation for energy?

What do the symbols stand for?

A

E=hv

E-energy h-plan is constant v-frequency

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12
Q

What are the properties of a metal?(5)

A 
Strong 
Hard 
Shiny 
Conductors 
High mpt and bpt
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13
Q

How does the coordinate bond form?

A

Overlap of orbital containing lone pair with vacant orbital

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14
Q

Unidentate

What are common unidentate ligands?

A

H2O, NH3, Cl-, OH-,CN-

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15
Q 
Bidentate 
   What are the two?
   Formula of each
   Structure
   What is the lone pair on?
   What is 1,2-diamminoethane shortened to?
A

1,2-diamminoethane
H2NCH2CH2NH2
The Ns

Ethanedioate
C2O42-
On two oxygens
Two other oxygens are double bonds

En

16
Q 
Multidentate
 How many bonds can EDTA form?
 Draw its structure 
 Where are the lone pairs?
 Why is reaction favourable?
A

6
On the 4 end oxygens and 2 Ns
Increase in entropy increases stability

17
Q

What are the properties of a metal?(5)

A 
Strong 
Hard 
Shiny 
Conductors 
High mpt and bpt
18
Q

How does the coordinate bond form?

A

Overlap of orbital containing lone pair with vacant orbital

19
Q

Unidentate

What are common unidentate ligands?

A

H2O, NH3, Cl-, OH-,CN-

20
Q 
Bidentate 
   What are the two?
   Formula of each
   Structure
   What is the lone pair on?
   What is 1,2-diamminoethane shortened to?
A

1,2-diamminoethane
H2NCH2CH2NH2
The Ns

Ethanedioate
C2O42-
On two oxygens
Two other oxygens are double bonds

En

21
Q 
Multidentate
 How many bonds can EDTA form?
 Draw its structure 
 Where are the lone pairs?
 Why is reaction favourable?
A

6
On the 4 end oxygens and 2 Ns
Increase in entropy increases stability

22
Q

Shapes of complexes
Which form octahedral ones?
What are linear complexes common with?

A

All first row transition metals

Ag+ and Cu+

23
Q

Silver
CH3CHO reactions
Exact and example

A

CH3CHO+2[Ag(NH3)2]+>CH3COO-+2Ag+2H2O

CH3CHO+[O]>CH3COOH

Chemistry Unit 5 (11 decks)

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