Transition Metals Flashcards
What is a transition metal?
A transition metal is an element which forms at least one ion with a partially filled d-subshell.
What properties does an incomplete d-subshell give a metal?
- Metals will form a coloured compound
- Metals will have variable oxidation states
- The metals and their compounds act as catalysts
What is a Complex?
A complex is a central metal atom or ion with ligands bonded by co-ordinate bonds.
What is a ligand?
A ligand is an ion or molecule with a lone pair of electrons which forms a co-ordinate bond with a central metal atom or ion in a complex
What is a co-ordinate bond?
A co-ordinate bond is a bond in which one atom is donating both electrons.
What is the co-ordination number of a complex?
The co-ordination number is the number of co-ordinate bonds to a central metal atom or ion in a complex.
What are the neutral ligands?
Water (H2O)
Ammonia (NH3)
Hydroxide (OH)
What is a monodentate ligand?
A monodentate ligand is a ligand which uses only one pair of electrons to form a co-ordinate bond with a central metal atom or ion.
Give examples of monodentate ligands.
Water, Ammonia, Hydroxide, Chloride
What is a bidentate ligand?
A bidentate ligand is a ligand which uses two pair of electrons to form a co-ordinate bond with a central metal atom or ion.
Give an example of a bidentate ligand
1,2-diaminoethane (en)
(H2NCH2CH2NH2)
What is a polydentate ligand?
A polydentate ligand is a ligand which uses many pairs of electrons to form a co-ordinate bond with a central metal atom or ion in a complex.
Give an example of a polydentate ligand and how many lone pairs of electrons it has and its charge.
EthyleneDiamineTetraAcetic (edta)
It has 6 lone pairs of electrons
It has a 4- charge
It is a HEXAdentate ligand
What is the key principle of a successful ligand replacement reaction?
Due to a positive entropy (increasing entropy) change in the reaction.
What is entropy?
The measure of disorder in a reaction.
