transition metals

Question 1

colour and oxidation state of V2+

Answer 1

violet, +2

Question 2

colour and oxidation state of V3+

Answer 2

green, +3

Question 3

colour and oxidation state of VO^2+

Answer 3

blue,+4

Question 4

colour and oxidation state of VO2+

Answer 4

yellow, +5

Question 5

colour and oxidation state of Cr3+

Answer 5

green/violet, +3

Question 6

colour and oxidation state of Cr2O7^2-

Answer 6

orange, +6

Question 7

colour and oxidation state of Mn2+

Answer 7

pale pink, +2

Question 8

colour and oxidation state of MnO4-

Answer 8

purple, +7

Question 9

colour and oxidation state of Fe2+

Answer 9

pale green, +2

Question 10

colour and oxidation state of Fe3+

Answer 10

yellow, +3

Question 11

colour and oxidation state of Co2+

Answer 11

pink, +2

Question 12

colour and oxidation state of Ni2+

Answer 12

green, +2

Question 13

colour and oxidation state of Cu2+

Answer 13

blue, +2

Question 14

properties of transition metals

Answer 14

make coloured compounds, form complexes, act as catalysts, variable oxidation states

Question 15

complex ion def

Answer 15

central transition metal ion is surrounded by ligands bonded by coordinate bonds

Question 16

ligand

Answer 16

donates a pair of electrons to a central metal ion

Question 17

monodentate

Answer 17

only has one lone pair
H2O, NH3, Cl- (can only have coord number of 4)

Question 18

bidentate

Answer 18

has 2 lone pairs
ethanedioate (C2O4), ethane-1,2-diamine (NH2CH2CH2NH2)

Question 19

multidentate

Answer 19

more than 2 lone pairs
EDTA4-, can form 6 coordinate bonds

Question 20

coordination number

Answer 20

number of coordinate bonds

Question 21

coordination number of 6

Answer 21

octahedral, 90°

Question 22

coordination number of 4

Answer 22

tetrahedral, 109.5°
square planar, 90°

Question 23

coordination number of 2

Answer 23

linear, 180°
[Ag(NH3)2]+

Question 24

when do complex ions show optical isomerism

Answer 24

when they are non superimposablr mirror images
e.g. octahedral complexes with 3 bidentate ligands [Fe(en)3]2+

Question 25

when do complex ions show cis/trans isomerism

Answer 25

in octahedral complexes with 4 of the same ligands and 2 different ligands
if the 2 ligands are opposite, it’s trans
if the 2 ligands are adjacent it’s cis

Question 26

what happens when the ligand bonds to the transition metal

Answer 26

the d orbital splits and electrons from the lower levels are excited which creates an energy gap and other electrons jump up to the higher state

Question 27

energy absorbed

Answer 27

🔺E= hc/wavelength