Transition Metals Flashcards
What is platinum used as a catalyst in?
hydrogen fuel cells
what does nickel catalyse the production of amines from?
nitriles
light rays in order
radio waves
microwaves
infrared
visible light
ultraviolet
x rays
gamma rays
what do the frequencies in the visible light range correspond to?
different colours of light
what happens when all the frequencies of the different coloured lights are combined?
the light appears white
what happens when an object absorbs yellow light?
it appears blue
why are yellow and blue considered complementary colours?
blue and yellow completed each other
when put together they form white light
which colour is complimentary to red?
cyan
what is magentas complementary colour?
green
when do we see objects as coloured?
when they absorb some frequencies of visible light
but transmit or reflect other frequencies of visible light
what is required for a substance to absorb visible light?
there must be room for an electron in one orbital to be excited into another orbital, and the difference between their energy levels must correspond to a frequency of visible light
what does the aufbau principle state?
D- block elements fill up 4s first then 3d
which 2 elements are exceptions to the aufbau principle?
chromium
copper
they have 1 electron in 4s and the rest in 3d
which sub shell fills up and loses electrons first?
4s
which oxidation states have we seen copper in?
+1
+2
which d-block ions formed colourful compounds?
ones with a
part full
part empty
d orbitals
Differences in energy between orbitals
what is the definition of transition metals?
metals which form stable ions with partially filled d orbitals
what are ligands?
they can be a molecule or an ion
they must have a lone pair
they form dative covalent(coordinate) bonds with transition metal ions
what is the number of dative covalent bonds to each metal ion known as?
coordination number
what does cisplatin contain?
chloride ions
ammonia molecules
complex ions can:
contain more than one type of ligand
involve no covalent bonds
involve no ionic bonds
have a positive overall charge
have a neutral overall charge
have a negative overall charge
what does the (II) represent?
the oxidation state of the metal ion
what happens if there are two identical ligands next to each other in a square planar complex ion?
we give them the letter z
or the word cis
as a prefix
what happens if the two identical ligands are separated in a square complex ion?
we give them the letter E
the word trans
asa prefix
