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Chemistry > Transition metals > Flashcards

Transition metals Flashcards

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1
Q

Do electrons fill up the 4s subshell or 3d subshell first?

A

4s (apart from in Chromium and Copper)

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2
Q

Are electrons lost from the 4s subshell first, or the 3d shubshell?

A

4s subshell (apart from Cr and Cu)

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3
Q

What is a transition metal?

A

Transition metals are metals which form stable ions with partially filled d-orbitals.

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4
Q

What must ligands have?

A

a lone pair of electrons

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5
Q

What type of bonds do ligands form with transition metals?

A

dative covalent bonds

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6
Q

What is a ligand?

A

a molecule or ion with a lone electron pair which forms a dative covalent bond with a transition metal ion.

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7
Q

What is a coordination number?

A

the number of dative covalent bonds (to a transition metal ion).

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8
Q

What main factor determines the coordination number?

A

the size of each ligand (smaller ligands like NH3 can fit more around a transition metal ion, compared to larger ligands like Cl).

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9
Q

When the overall charge of the complex ion is negative, the name of the metal changes to what?

A

to end in -ate.

(EG: iron becomes ferrate, chromium becomes chromate)

ion color

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10
Q

What are three main factors that affect the colour of a transition metal complex?

A
  • Oxidation state
  • Ligand type
  • The identity of the transition metal ion
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11
Q

What is a ligand substitution reaction?

A

when at least one ligand replaces another.
(charge and coordination number can change depending on the ligand substituted (e.g: Cl- ligands will reduce the coordination number as they’re bigger and form a tetrahedral transition metal ion)).

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12
Q

What is the colour change when excess HCl is added to a solution containing hexaaquacopper (II) ions [Cu(H2O)6]2+ ?

A
  • the colour changes from light/pale blue to yellow-green.
  • the complex ion [CuCl4]2- forms.
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13
Q

What is the colour change for the ligand substitution:

[Cr(H2O)6]3+ + 6NH3 <=> [Cr(NH3)6]3+ + 6H2O

A

violet –> purple

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14
Q

What is the colour change for the ligand substitution:

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 4NH3 <=> [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ + 4H2O

A

pale blue –> dark blue.

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15
Q

What colour is a Ti3+ ion?

A

violet/lilac.

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16
Q

What colour is a V2+ ion?

A

violet/lilac.

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17
Q

What colour is a V3+ ion?

A

green.

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18
Q

What colour is a V4+ ion?

A

blue.

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19
Q

What colour is a V5+ ion?

A

yellow.

20
Q

What colour is a Cr2+ ion?

A

blue.

21
Q

What colour is a Cr3+ ion?

A

green.

22
Q

What colour is a Cr6+ ion?

A

orange.

23
Q

What colour is a Mn2+ ion?

A

light pink.

24
Q

What colour is a Mn4+ ion?

A

dark pink/purple.

25
Q

What colour is a Mn6+ ion?

A

green.

26
Q

What colour is a Mn7+ ion?

A

violet/lilac.

27
Q

What colour is a Fe2+ ion?

A

light green.

28
Q

What colour is a Fe3+ ion?

A

yellow/green.

29
Q

What colour is a Co2+ ion?

A

pink.

30
Q

What colour is a Co3+ ion?

A

green.

31
Q

What colour is a Ni2+ ion?

A

green.

32
Q

What colour is a Cu2+ ion?

A

blue.

33
Q

What colour is a [Cr(H2O)6]3+ metal-aqua ion?

A

a violet solution (whenCr3+ reacts with NaOH or NH3).

34
Q

What colour is a [Fe(H2O)6]2+ metal-aqua ion?

A

a green solution (when Fe2+ reacts with NaOH or NH3).

35
Q

What colour is a [Fe(H2O)6]3+ metal-aqua ion?

A

a yellow solution (when Fe3+ reacts with NaOH or NH3).

36
Q

What colour is a [Mn(H2O)6]2+ metal-aqua ion?

A

a pale pink solution (when Mn2+ reacts with NaOH or NH3).

37
Q

What colour is a [Cu(H2O)6]2+ metal-aqua ion?

A

a blue solution (when Cu2+ reacts with NaOH or NH3).

38
Q

What colour is a Cr3+ ion with OH-?

Cr(OH)3(H2O)3

A

green precipitate (whenCr3+ reacts with NaOH or NH3).

39
Q

What colour is a Fe2+ ion with OH-?

Fe(OH)2(H2O)4

A

green precipitate (when Fe2+ reacts with NaOH or NH3).

40
Q

What colour is a Fe3+ ion with OH-?

Fe(OH)3(H2O)3

A

brown precipitate (when Fe3+ reacts with NaOH or NH3).

41
Q

What colour is a Mn2+ ion with OH-?

Mn(OH)2(H2O)4

A

pale brown precipitate (when Mn2+ reacts with NaOH or NH3).

42
Q

What colour is a Cu2+ ion with OH-?

Cu(OH)2(H2O)4

A

blue precipitate (when Cu2+ reacts with NaOH or NH3).

43
Q

What colour is a Cr3+ ion with excess OH-?

[Cr(OH)6]3-

A

green solution (whenCr3+ reacts with excess NaOH).

44
Q

What colour is a Cr3+ ion with excess NH3?

[Cr(NH3)6]3+

A

a purple solution.

45
Q

What colour is a Cu2+ ion with excess NH3?

[Cr(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+

A

a dark blue solution.

Chemistry (3 decks)

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