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Chem > Transition Metals > Flashcards

Transition Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

Transition elements

A

An element that forms at least one stable one with a partially filled d sub shell

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2
Q

Name two elements that are not transition metals

A

Scandium SC3+
Zinc Zn2+

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3
Q

Electronic configuration of chromium

A

Is2, 2s2,2p6,3s2,3p6,4s1,3d5

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4
Q

E.C of copper

A

1s2, 2s2, 2p6,3s2,3p6,4s1,3d10

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5
Q

Properties of transition metal

A

Form complex ions
Coloured ion
Catalytic properties
Variable oxidation state

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6
Q

Coordinate bond

A

Covalent bond where both electrons are donated by 1 atom only

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7
Q

Ligand

A

Molecule or ion with a lone pair of electrons that form a coordinate bond with central metal ion

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8
Q

Bidentate ligand

A

Molecule or ion with 2 lone pair of electrons on two different atoms that each form a coordinate bond with central metal ion

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9
Q

Coordination number

A

The number of coordinate bonds formed with central metal ion

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10
Q

Complex ion

A

The central metal ion surrounded by ligands

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11
Q

Monodetate ligands

A

Each have 1 coordinate bond

H2O
NH3
CN-
Cl-

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12
Q

Bidentate ligand

A

Each ligand form 2 coordinate bonds
Ethane-1,2-diamine
Ethanedioate C2O4 2-

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13
Q

Multidentate ligands

A

Each ligand form more than 2 coordinate bond
EDTA4-
EDTA4- can form six coordinate bonds, 2 coordinate bonds with N atoms and 4 coordinate bonds from O- atoms

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14
Q

Chelate effect

A

When monodentate ligand is substituted by a Bidentate or a multidentate ligand
Results in increasing number of moles on RHS
Increases entropy

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15
Q

Why a reaction is feasible

A

Entropy change is zero
Because same number of bonds are broken and formed
More molecules on RHS
Entropy increases
Delta G is negative

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16
Q

Heamoglobin

A

4 coordinate bonds between Fe2+ and N atoms in beam structure ( square planer)
1 coordinate bond between Fe2+ and O2 molecule
1 coordinate bond between Fe2+ and globin protein

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17
Q

Why CO is toxic

A

O2 forms a coordinate bond with Fe2+ in Haemoglobin enabling oxygen to be transported around the body
CO is toxic as it bonds more strongly and permanently to Fe2+ in heamoglobin
This prevents O2 binding to Fe 2+ causing suffocation

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18
Q

Octahedral complexes

A

Ligands of 4 one type and 2 of another type can form octahedral complexes
Can also form cis and trans isomers

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19
Q

Square planer

A

PtCl2(NH3)2
Can form cis and trans isomer

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20
Q

Cis platin

A

Bonds to DNA cancer cell and stop cell replication
The two Cl- ions on Cisplatin are substituted for 2 N atoms in the adjacent guanine bases

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21
Q

Roy light

A

Low energy

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22
Q

Big light

A

High energy

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23
Q

kMNO4 clour

A

Purple
( absorbs yellow and Green )

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24
Q

CuSO4

A

Blue

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25
Q

Ground state

A

In pure transition metal atom all d orbitals have equal energy. This is called ground state

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26
Q

Difference in energy

A

E=hc/lemda
H= Planck constant
c is speed of light
Lemda is wavelengths of light

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27
Q

Big Energy

A

Abosob blue indigo and voilent
Reflect red orange and yellow
Compound looks orange/red

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28
Q

Small energy

A

ROY absorbs
BIV reflected
Compound looks blue\ purple

29
Q

Change in E could be because of

A

LOCOS
Change in ligand
Change in oxidation state
Change is coordination number
Change in shape of complex

30
Q

Colour of VO2 +

A

Yellow

31
Q

VO 2+

A

Blue

32
Q

V3+

A

Green

33
Q

V2+

A

Voilent

34
Q

Fe2+

A

Green

35
Q

Fe 3+

A

Pale yellow

36
Q

Co2+

A

Brown

37
Q

Co3+

A

Yellow

38
Q

Cr 2+

A

Blue

39
Q

Cr3+

A

Red- voilent

40
Q

Heterogeneous catalysis

A

Catalyst is in diffenent phase as reactants

41
Q

Homogeneous catalysis

A

Reactant is in same phase as catalyst

42
Q

How does a catalyst work

A

Reactants adsorb onto the surface of catalyst on active site
Reaction occurs on the surface of catalyst
Product desorb from surface of catalyst

43
Q

How to make catalyst efficient

A

Increase the surface area
Spread catalyst over the inert support of medium

44
Q

How can poisoning occur in catalyst

A

Impurities Allan block the active site
This prevent the reactants form adsorbing
Purifying the reactants is the best way to prevent poisoning

45
Q

Heterogeneous catalysis examples

A

Making ammonia is Harber process
Catalysed by solid iron
N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3
Making sulphuric acid in contact process
Catalysed by vanadium oxide V2O5

46
Q

Contact process

A

SO2 + V2O5 = SO3 + V2O4
2 V2O4 + O2 = 2V2O5
Overall reaction
SO2 + O2= SO3
SO3 can react with water to form sulphuric acid

47
Q

Menufacturing of methanol

A

Catalysed by chromium oxide
CH4 + H2O = CO + 3H2
CO + 2H2 =CH3OH

48
Q

Why transition metals act as catalyst

A

Because they have variable oxidation states

49
Q

Why group 1 elements don’t act as catalyst

A

Because they have only one oxidation state

50
Q

Homogenous catalysis examples

A

Peroxodisulfate ions oxidise iodide ions to iodine. reaction is catalysed by Fe2+ ions.

51
Q

Fe2 +

A

Fe3+

52
Q

MnO4-

A

Mn2+

53
Q

Cr2O7 2-

A

Cr3+

54
Q

C2O4 2-

A

CO2

55
Q

Zn

A

Zn2+

56
Q

S2O8 2-

A

SO4 2-

57
Q

I-

A

I2

58
Q

Mn3+

A

Mn2+

59
Q

Co2+

A

Co3+

60
Q

VO2+

A

VO^2+

61
Q

Why uncatalysed reactions have higher Ea?

A

Both both ions are negative and they repel each other

62
Q

Autocatalysis

A

It is when one product of the reaction catalyses the reaction.

63
Q

example of autocatalysis

A

oxidation of ethandioic acid by manganate (VII) ions

64
Q

Graph for autocatalysis

A

rate starts off slowly as there is no catalysts initailly.
The two negatively charged reactants collide with a higher Ea.
Then some Mn^2+ is formed , the rate of reaction is being increased as Mn^2+ acts as a catalyst.
The rate then decreases and levels off as all the reactants get used up.

65
Q

reation of MnO4^- to Fe^2+

A

from deep purple to colorless

66
Q

Why HCl should never be used if transition metal redox reaction is taking place in acidic conditions?

A

Because both MnO4^- and Cr2O7^2- can oxidese Cl- ions to Cl2. Cl2 gas poses obvious safely risks. also effect titration effect, and make it seem like more oxidising agent has been used than it should be
sulphuric acid should be used to acidify the solutions.

67
Q

Describe briefly how colorimeter can be used to to determine the concentration of this solution ?

A

Make some known concentrations
Plot a graph of absorbance vs concentration
Read/compare the unknown concentration from calibration curve.

68
Q

Why reactants should be purified before they come into contact with catalyst.

A

So catalyst are not poisoned

Chem (7 decks)

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