transition metals Flashcards
define transition elements
d-block elements that form at least one stable ion with a partially filled d-subshell d1-d9 (Scandium and Zinc are not transition metals)
why do transition elements have variable oxidation states?
e- sit 4s/3d energy levels very close so gain/lose a similar amount of energy
why are transition elements good catalysts?
- they can receive or lose some electrons in the d-orbitals to speed the reaction
- Transition metals have surfaces which adsorbs substances to lower activation energy
what colour does Cu2+ go in aq solution/OH-/NH3 to aq sol./excess OH-/NH3 to precipitate?
aq=blue
OH/NH3 aq=pale blue precipitate
OH precipitate=insoluble
NH3 precipitate=dark blue solution
annogram to remember Cu2+
Bill,Put Bottle Plastic, In, De Bin
Fe2+ annogram
Pete Got, Done Grim Put, In, Isolation
what colour does Fe2+ go in aq solution/OH-/NH3 to aq sol./excess OH-/NH3 to precipitate?
aq=pale green
OH-/NH3 aq=dirty green precipitate
NH3/OH precipitate=insoluble
Fe3+ annogram
Yell, Over Please, Into, Ir
what colour does Fe3+ go in aq solution/OH-/NH3 to aq sol./excess OH-/NH3 to precipitate?
aq=yellow
OH/NH3 aq=orange precipitate
OH/NH3 precipitate=insoluble
Mn2+ annogram
Put Pressure, Put Pressure, Innit, Innit
what colour does Mn2+ go in aq solution/OH-/NH3 to aq sol./excess OH-/NH3 to precipitate?
aq=pale pink
OH/NH3 aq=pink precipitate
OH/NH3 precipitate=insoluble
Cr3+ annogram
Give, Greens (a) Go Please, Dinner (is) Good So, Please Sit
what colour does Cr3+ go in aq solution/OH-/NH3 to aq sol./excess OH-/NH3 to precipitate?
aq=green
OH/NH3 aq=green-grey precipitate
OH- precipitate= dark green solution
NH3 precipitate=purple solution
how to remember this bloody list of aq solution/OH- etc.
Ah So, OH No, extra OH, extra No
what classes as smaller/larger ligands?
small=6 ligands around central metal ion
large=4 ligands around central metal ion
How to calculate total oxidation state of metal
total oxidation state(charge outside of bracket)-total oxidation state of ligands(times charge of ligands around central metal ion by how many there are or add up if they’re all not the same)
what ions can easily get displaced in cis-platins?
Cl- ions
give 2 structural properties of haemoglobins
multidentate and octahedral
define a ligand
a molecule with a lone pair of electrons capable of forming coordinate bonds to a metal ion
define a complex ion
a central metal ion surrounded by ligands
% purity calculation
mass of pure chemical/total mass of sample x 100
