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Chemistry - Equilibria, Energetics & Elements > Transition Elements > Flashcards

Transition Elements Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the electron configuration of chromium after 3p6?

A

4s1 3d5

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2
Q

Define transition element

A

A d-block element that forms an ion with an incomplete d sub-shell

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3
Q

What properties do transition metals have? Give examples

A 
Variable oxidation states
eg Cu2+ and Cu3+
Form coloured ions
Eg Fe2+ ions are pale green, Fe3+ ions are yellow 
Very effective catalysts
Eg iron is used in the Haber process for making ammonia
Form complex ions
Eg [Fe(H2O)6]3+
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4
Q

Reaction of Cu2+ with NaOH

A

Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) –> Cu(OH)2(s)

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5
Q

Reaction of Co2+ and NaOH

A

Co2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) –> Co(OH)2(s)

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6
Q

Reaction of Fe2+ with NaOH

A

Fe2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) –> Fe(OH)2(s)

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7
Q

Reaction of Fe3+ with NaOH

A

Fe3+(aq) + 3OH-(aq) –> Fe(OH)3(s)

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8
Q

Define ligand

A

A molecule or ion that can donate a pair of electrons to the transition metal ion to form a coordinate bond

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9
Q

Define complex ion

A

A transition metal ion bonded to one or more ligand by coordinate bonds

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10
Q

Define coordination number

A

The total number of coordinate bonds formed between a central metal ion and its ligands

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11
Q

Give the formula and charge of the ligands thiocyanate

A

:SCN-

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12
Q

Give the formula and charge of a cyanide ligand

A

:CN-

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13
Q

Give 2 examples of complex ions with an octahedral shape

A

[Fe(H2O)6]2+

[Cu(H2O)6]2+

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14
Q

What is a bidentate ligand?

A

A ligand that can donate 2 pairs of electrons to the central metal ion to form 2 coordinate bonds
Eg ‘en’

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15
Q

Define stereoisomerism

A

Compounds with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement of atoms in space

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16
Q

Which combinations of ligands can form cis-trans isomers?

A

Square planar: 2 monodentate of the same type, 2 monodentate of another type
Octahedral: 2 monodentate, 2 bidentate
Octahedral: 2 monodentate of one type, 4 monodentate of another type

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17
Q

What combinations of ligands can form optical isomers?

A

Octahedral: 2 monodentate, 2 bidentate
Octahedral: 3 bidentate
Octahedral: 1 hexadentate

18
Q

What does the cis isomer of a complex ion look like?

A

The 2 monodentate ligands of the same type are next to each other

19
Q

What does the trans isomer of a complex ion look like?

A

The 2 monodentate ligands of the same type are opposite each other

20
Q

Optical isomers are…

A

Non-superimposable mirror images of each other

21
Q

What complex ion is used as an anti-cancer drug and how does it work?

A

Cis-platin

It binds to DNA in cancer cells, preventing division

22
Q

What is the stability constant, Kstab of a complex ion?

A

The equilibrium constant for the formation of the complex ion in a solvent from its constituent ions

23
Q

Kstab =

A

[new complex] / [old complex] x [new ligands]^(moles of new ligands)

24
Q

A large Kstab value results in…

A

Formation of a stable complex ion

Complexes with high Kstab values are more likely to form

25
Q

Colour of Fe^2+(aq) or [Fe(H2O)6]^2+

A

Green solution

26
Q

Colour of Fe(OH)2(s)

A

Green gelatinous precipitate, turning rusty brown on standing

27
Q

Colour of Fe^3+(aq) or [Fe(H2O)6]^3+

A

Yellow solution

28
Q

Colour of Fe(OH)3(s)

A

Orange gelatinous precipitate

29
Q

Colour of Cu^2+ or [Cu(H2O)6]^2+

A

Blue solution

30
Q

Colour of Cu(OH)2(s)

A

Pale blue precipitate

31
Q

Colour of [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]^2+

A

Deep blue solution

32
Q

Colour of [CuCl4]^2-

A

Yellow solution

33
Q

Colour of [Cu(edta)]^2-

A

Blue solution

34
Q

Colour of Co^2+(aq) or [Co(H2O)6]^2+

A

Pink solution

35
Q

Colour of Co(OH)2(s)

A

Blue gelatinous precipitate turning beige on standing

36
Q

Colour of [CoCl4]^2-

A

Blue solution

37
Q

Colour of Mn^2+(aq)

A

Pale pink solution

38
Q

Colour of MnO4-(aq)

A

Purple solution

39
Q

Colour of Cr^3+(aq)

A

Green solution

40
Q

Colour of Cr2O7^2-

A

Orange solution

41
Q

What is the electron configuration of copper after 3p6?

A

4s1 3d10

Chemistry - Equilibria, Energetics & Elements (6 decks)

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