Transition Flashcards
How do you tell how many protons, neutrons and electrons are in an atom?
Protons: through the atomic number on the periodic table. Neutrons: by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number. Electrons: The same as the protons, unless it is an ion.
What is an ion?
An atom that has lost or gained electrons. Losing electrons makes them positive ions, gaining electrons makes them negative ions.
What is an ionic compound?
Ions where electrons have transferred from one atom to another. The oppositely charged ions are attracted to eachother by electrostatic attraction. Metal and a non metal.
What is a covalent compound?
Elements that share their electrons with another atom so that they both have a full outer shell = a shared pair of electrons. 2 non metals.
What is an isotope?
An isotope is a different form of the same atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
What does relative atomic mass mean?
Relative atomic mass is the average mass of all the isotopes that make up an element.
What does abundance mean?
How common an isotope is (denoted in % form)
How do you calculate relative atomic mass?
Sum of (isotope abundance x isotop mass) diveded by the abundance of all isotopes.
What is the symbol for relative atomic mass?
Ar
What is the chemical formula for ammonia?
NH3
What is the chemical formula for sulphuric acid?
H2SO4
What makes an atom stable?
Full outer shell of electrons.
What is a diatomic molecule?
One that exists in pairs (ie. oxygen/hydrogen).
What is a polyatomic atom?
Where that are two or more elements in the atom (ends in -ate or -ite).
When converting acids into chemical formulas, what are the differences between acids with 2 elements and those with 3 elements?
2 elements is “hydro-stem-ic”
3 elements means you need to look on common ion table. If the acid ends in “ic” the stem acid will end in “-ate”. If it ends in “-ous” the stem acide will end in “-ite”.
