Transgenic And Plasmids Flashcards
Transgenics
Incorporation of foreign genes into organisms dna
Transgenic animals
Dna has been altered by gene that is not normally found in that species
Usually occurs in embryos
Gene pharming
Mix of transgenic techniques and farming to produce proteins for medical and commercial reasons
Example
Sheep been GM to produce antithrombin , human gene introduced
Knockout mice
Labgrown mice have section of dna inactivated, used to help prevent disease and develop treatments
Knockout mice
Labgrown mice have section of dna inactivated, used to help prevent disease and develop treatments
Drawbacks of cloning
Inefficient technique so there’s a low survival rate
Vital organ defects
Issues with immune system
Why are their drawbacks of cloning?
- ## telomeres shrink that effect, the division of the cells and they will die
Genetic engineering
Manually transferring genetic information from one organism to another
Plasmid
Structure of cell that can replicate independently of the chromosomes
Plasmid elements
Stages of GM with plasmids
1) gene is identified and extracted using enzymes
2) plasmid extracted from bacterial cell
3) enzyme used to cut open plasmid
4) gene placed in plasmid and closed by enzyme
5) plasmid back in bacterial cell
