Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Int Medicine > Transfusion Reactions > Flashcards

Transfusion Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

Most transfusion reactions occur within the first _____ minutes of the blood transfusion.

A

15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Transfusion Reaction Classification

  • Classification is based on ______ or ______
  • Categories include ______ vs. ______ onset and ______ vs non-_____.
A
  • Classification is based on time of onset or symptoms
  • Categories include acute vs delayed onset and immunological vs non-immunological.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the symptoms of an allergic transfusion reaction?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why do allergic transfusion reactions occur?

Can they you eventually complete the transfusion?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do you prevent allergic transfusion reactions from occuring?

A
  • In highly atopic people or those with previous ATRs, consider antihistamines
  • If a patient has a history of ATR, transfuse slowly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do you want to rule out with ATRs?

A

Rule out hemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the symptoms of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR)?

A
  • One of the most severe complications of transfusion therapy.
  • Abs from recipient plasma reacts with donor RBCs
  • symptoms occur due to donor cells agglutinate, blocking capillaries and obstructing blood flow to vital organs. Agglutinated cells are rapidly destroyed within hours
  • Release of free Hb into plasma and urine. Hb can plug renal tubles –> disruption of nephron functioning and leads to renal failure.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction

  • Cause?
  • Prevention?
  • Treatment?
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the symptoms of a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction?

A

DHTR can occur in patients with low titers of antibodies against an RBC Ag.

  • Here, patient has an Ab following transfusion or pregnancy in the past but alloantibody waned to the point of no detection by current T&S
  • When exposed to another blood product, immune cells generate sufficient Abs to hemolyze the transfused RBCs.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

DHTR

  • usual cause?
  • prevention?
  • treatment?
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the symptoms of febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction?

A
  • Reactions noted by a rise of 1 C from baseline temperature and greater than 38 C. This may occur during transfusion or up to 4 hours post-transfusion
  • Reactions are typically associated with transfusion of cellular products (such as platelets or RBCs) which may contain WBC
  • May also be seen in leuko-depleted products due to presence of soluble cytokines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

FNHTR

  • usual cause?
  • prevention?
  • treatment?
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Symptoms of transfusion-associated circulatory overload?

A

Volume overload –> cardiogenic pulmonary edema

  • transfusion should be administered slowly particularly in pediatric patients, severe anemia, or CHF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

TACO

  • cause?
  • prevention?
  • treatment?
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Symptoms of transfusion-related acute lung injury?

A

Acute lung injury that an occur up to 6 hours post-transfusion and thought to be caused by WBC antibodies in the donor (occasionally in recipient) or other WBC-activating agents in the components.

  • A form of lung injury but lung injury is almost always transient
  • pulmonary edema is noncardiogenic
  • additional signs and symptoms include transient leukopenia/neutropenia.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

TRALI

  • cause?
  • prevention?
  • treatment?
A
17
Q

What are the differences between TRALI vs TACO?

A
18
Q

What are the symptoms of transfusion transmitted infection?

A

Reactions caused by contaminated blood products

  • bacterial contamination can be catastrophic if not recognized and treated quickly
19
Q

Which are the offending agents in TTI? Which blood product is most at risk?

A
  • Gram-neg bacteria: Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, E.coli can lead to more severe infections. Gram-positive bacteria can also be involved.
  • Platelets because they are stored at room temperature
20
Q

TTI

  • cause?
  • prevention?
  • treatment?
A
21
Q

DDx for transfusion reactions

A
22
Q

What should you do when there’s a transfusion reaction (general)?

A
  • Stop transfusion
  • Vitals
  • Maintain IV access
  • verify blood products match patient
  • notify blood bank/transfusion medicine
  • transfusion reaction panel
  • collect urine sample
23
Q
A

Int Medicine (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions