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transfusion pp Flashcards

1
Q

The source of antbody heterogeneity is:

Gene rearrangement in the peripheral immune organs

Gene rearrangement in the central immune organs

Gene inserton in the fetus
Hereditary mutaton

A

The source of antbody heterogeneity is:

Gene rearrangement in the peripheral immune organs

Gene rearrangement in the central immune organs

Gene inserton in the fetus
​Hereditary mutaton

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2
Q

Which is the most common type of genetc variants among blood group antgens?

Frameshif

Splice site

Large deleton

Single nucleotde polymorpisns (SNP)

A

Which is the most common type of genetc variants among blood group antgens?

Frameshif

Splice site

Large deleton

Single nucleotde polymorpisns (SNP)

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3
Q

The most common inherited bleeding disorder

Factor XI defciency

Haemophilia A

Von Willebrand’s disease

Factor VII defciency

A

The most common inherited bleeding disorder

Factor XI defciency

Haemophilia A

Von Willebrand’s disease

Factor VII defciency

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4
Q

The most likely source of Yersinia contaminaton of a red blood cell unit is

The skin fora of the donor

Transient asymptomatc donor bacteremia

Contamiaton of the plastc bag

The skin fora of the laboratory staf

A

The most likely source of Yersinia contaminaton of a red blood cell unit is

The skin fora of the donor

Transient asymptomatc donor bacteremia

Contamiaton of the plastc bag

The skin fora of the laboratory staf

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5
Q

Indicatons for intraoperatve cell salvage in adults and children EXCEPT

Major hemorrhage

Patents with rare blood groups or multple blood group antbodies

Surgery where the antcipated blood loss is >20% of the patents estmated blood volume

Electve or emergency surgery in patents with risk factors for bleeding

A

Indicatons for intraoperatve cell salvage in adults and children EXCEPT

Major hemorrhage

Patents with rare blood groups or multple blood group antbodies

Surgery where the antcipated blood loss is >20% of the patents estmated blood volume

Electve or emergency surgery in patents with risk factors for bleeding

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6
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Syphilis can be transmitted by transfusion

Transfusion related bacterial infections are more often related to platelet products than to red blood cell transfuse

Blood products with bacterial contamination do not always cause severe infections

Transfusion related bacterial infectons and hemolytic reactions cause completely different clinical symptoms

A

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Syphilis can be transmitted by transfusion

Transfusion related bacterial infections are more often related to platelet products than to red blood cell transfuse

Blood products with bacterial contamination do not always cause severe infections

Transfusion related bacterial infectons and hemolytic reactions cause completely different clinical symptoms

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7
Q

The positive selection means

All macrophages are surviving in lymph nodes if recognizing self antigens

All macrophages surviving in lymph nodes if not recognizing self MHC

All T-cells are killed in thymus if not recognizing self MHC

All T-cells are killed in the thymus if not recognizing self antigens

A

The positive selection means

All macrophages are surviving in lymph nodes if recognizing self antigens

All macrophages surviving in lymph nodes if not recognizing self MHC

All T-cells are killed in thymus if not recognizing self MHC

All T-cells are killed in the thymus if not recognizing self antigens

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8
Q

The most widespread screening tests to prevent transfusion transmitted infections are:

PCR for hepatitis A,B,C,D and E viruses and anti-HIV

Anti-Hb’s, anti-HAV, zikavirus PCR, anti HCV, infuenza serology

HBeAg, anti-HBe, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, syphilis serology (VDRL), EBV PCR

HBsAg, anti HBc, anti-HCV, Anti HIV, HCV PCR, Syphilis serology (VDRL)

A

The most widespread screening tests to prevent transfusion transmitted infections are:

PCR for hepatitis A,B,C,D and E viruses and anti-HIV

Anti-Hb’s, anti-HAV, zikavirus PCR, anti HCV, infuenza serology

HBeAg, anti-HBe, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, syphilis serology (VDRL), EBV PCR

HBsAg, anti HBc, anti-HCV, Anti HIV, HCV PCR, Syphilis serology (VDRL)

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9
Q

Who discovered the ABO blood group system?

a.

b.
c. Karl Landsteiner

d.

A

Who discovered the ABO blood group system?

a.

b.
c. Karl Landsteiner

​d.

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10
Q

The most frequent cause of serious lethal transfusion associated adverse events:

Infections transmitted by blood transfusions
TRALI
Incorrect blood component transfused
Acute transfusion reactions

A

The most frequent cause of serious lethal transfusion associated adverse events:

Infections transmitted by blood transfusions
TRALI
Incorrect blood component transfused
Acute transfusion reactions

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11
Q

Which therapeutic approach is inappropriate in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CIVD)?

Subcutaneous immunoglobulin substitution

Interferon gamma

Targeted antibiotic treatment

Intravenous immunoglobulin substitution

A

Which therapeutic approach is inappropriate in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CIVD)?

Subcutaneous immunoglobulin substitution

Interferon gamma

Targeted antibiotic treatment

Intravenous immunoglobulin substitution

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12
Q

The primary immune organs are:

Bone marrow and spleen

Spleen and thymus

Bone marrow and skin

Bone marrow and thymus

A

The primary immune organs are:

Bone marrow and spleen

Spleen and thymus

Bone marrow and skin

Bone marrow and thymus

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13
Q

The T-cell receptors are consisting of:

Two variable chains

One variable and one constant chain

Two variable and two constant chains

Four variable chains

A

The T-cell receptors are consisting of:

Two variable chains

One variable and one constant chain

Two variable and two constant chains

Four variable chains

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14
Q

Red blood cell antigens on the platelet membrane have no importance in transfusion practice EXCEPT:

ABO antigens

Kell antigens

Antigens of the P-system

Lewis antigens

A

Red blood cell antgens on the platelet membrane have no importance in transfusion practice EXCEPT:

ABO antigens

Kell antigens

Antigens of the P-system

Lewis antigens

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15
Q

Which phenotype is caused by an inactive ABO glycosil-transferase?

a. B
b. A
c. O
d. AB

A

Which phenotype is caused by an inactive ABO glycosil-transferase?
​
a. B
b. A
c. O
d. AB

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16
Q

Which of the following symptoms require urgent therapy for a patient with delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction?

Mild jaundice
Shivering
Oliguria
A slightly elevated body temperature (37,5°C)

A

Which of the following symptoms require urgent therapy for a patient with delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction?

Mild jaundice
Shivering
Oliguria
A slightly elevated body temperature (37,5°C)

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17
Q

what is the HLA haplotype?

The collection of specific platelet antigens

Special characteristics of immune system cells

Immunological signal transduction molecules linked to each other

The group of HLA alleles physically linked on a single chromosome

A

what is the HLA haplotype?

The collection of specifc platelet antigens

Special characteristics of immune system cells

Immunological signal transduction molecules linked to each other

​ The group of HLA alleles physically linked on a single chromosome

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18
Q

The advantages of intraoperative cell salvage, EXCEPT:

Functionally superior cells
Normothermic
Lower risk of infectious diseases
Low levels of 2,3-DPG

A

The advantages of intraoperative cell salvage, EXCEPT:

Functionally superior cells
Normothermic
Lower risk of infectious diseases
​Low levels of 2,3-DPG

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19
Q

what is the mechanism by which mesenchymal stem cells enhance the regeneration of damaged tissue?

Synthesis of pro-coagulation factors
Synthesis of trophic and/or anti-apoptotic factors
Oxygen transport to the site of damage

Replacement of damaged cells of affected tissue

A

what is the mechanism by which mesenchymal stem cells enhance the regeneration of damaged tissue?

Synthesis of pro-coagulation factors
Synthesis of trophic and/or anti-apoptotic factors
Oxygen transport to the site of damage

Replacement of damaged cells of affected tissue

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20
Q

The optimal rate of blood donation activity (donations/inhabitants)

a. 7%

b. 3%
c. 10%
d. 5%

A

The optimal rate of blood donation activity (donations/inhabitants)

​a. 7%

b. 3%
c. 10%
* *d. 5%**

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21
Q

Anemia tolerance is independent of

a. Age
b. The speed of anemia…
c. Sex
d. The severity of anemia

A

Anemia tolerance is independent of

a. Age
b. The speed of anemia…
c. Sex
d. The severity of anemia

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22
Q

Important information in the history with respect to allo-immunisation

Previous pregnancies and their process

Occurrence of autoimmune disease

Number of siblings

Occupation

A

Important information in the history with respect to allo-immunisation

Previous pregnancies and their process

Occurrence of autoimmune disease

Number of siblings

Occupation

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23
Q

The risk of transfusion related potassium toxicity can be decreased by

Warming the RBC product to body temperature

Freezing the RBC product

Utilizing fresh (not older than 1 week) RBC product Nora?

irradiation

A

The risk of transfusion related potassium toxicity can be decreased by

Warming the RBC product to body temperature

Freezing the RBC product

Utilizing fresh (not older than 1 week) RBC product (?)

irradiation

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24
Q

Disease frequently causing platelet function alterations, except

a. Uraemia
b. Paraproteinanemia
c. Hyperuricaemia (gout)
d. Liver failure

A

Disease frequently causing platelet function alterations, except

a. Uraemia
b. Paraproteinanemia
* *c. Hyperuricaemia (gout)**
d. Liver failure

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25
Q
  1. Expectation towards responding solution during blood product generation

a) decreases protein content of the preparation
b) decrease allo- antigen expression of RBC ß??
c) decreae WBC contamination by cell lysis induction
d) allow hematocrit adjustment

A
  1. Expectation towards responding solution during blood product generation

a) decreases protein content of the preparation
b) decrease allo- antigen expression of RBC ß??
c) decrease WBC contamination by cell lysis induction
d) allow hematocrit adjustment

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26
Q
  1. The primary immune organs are:

a) bone marrow and skin
b) bone marrow and spleen
c) spleen and thymus
d) bone marrow and thymus

A
  1. The primary immune organs are:

a) bone marrow and skin
b) bone marrow and spleen
c) spleen and thymus
* *d) bone marrow and thymus**

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27
Q
  1. Indications for albumin support, except

a) autoimmune hemolytic anemiaßodd one out
b) plasmapheresis
c) severe burns
d) nephrosis syndrome

A
  1. Indications for albumin support, except

a) autoimmune hemolytic anemia-odd one out
b) plasmapheresis
c) severe burns
d) nephrosis syndrome

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28
Q

12). MHC (HLA) class ll molecules are expressed

a) Red blood cells
b) fibroblast
c) platelets
d) dendritic cell correct

A

12). MHC (HLA) class ll molecules are expressed

a) Red blood cells
b) fibroblast
c) platelets
* *d) dendritic cell**

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29
Q
  1. Options for living donations, Except:

a) genetic factors
b) emotional relative -this is odd one out.
c) donor with notarized contract
d) participant of a cross-over donation

A
  1. Options for living donations, Except:

a) genetic factors
b) emotional relative -this is odd one out.
c) donor with notarized contract
d) participant of a cross-over donation

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30
Q
  1. Risk of HCV transmission can be decreased by, except?

a) utilizing only HCV seronegative donors.
b) application of centrifugation technique for production ß
c) leukoreduction (filtering)
d) deferral of high risk donors.

A
  1. Risk of HCV transmission can be decreased by, except?

a) utilizing only HCV seronegative donors.
* *b) application of centrifugation technique for production** ß
c) leukoreduction (filtering)
d) deferral of high risk donors.

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31
Q
  1. Primary function of the MHC (HLA) system

a) Apoptosis induction
b) facitliating cell-cell interaction thrugh binding to integrin proteins
c) antigen presentationßcorrect?
d) activation of allo-reactive NK cells

A
  1. Primary function of the MHC (HLA) system

a) Apoptosis induction
b) facitliating cell-cell interaction thrugh binding to integrin proteins
c) antigen presentationßcorrect?
d) activation of allo-reactive NK cells

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32
Q
  1. a persons of unknow ABO/RhD type should be transfused with.

a) Rhd positive red blood cells and ABO fresh frozen plasma
b) Rhd negative rbc and 0 fresh frozen plasma
c) RHd positive RBC and 0 fresh frozen plasa
d) Rhd negative rbc and ABO fresh frozen plasma.

A
  1. a persons of unknow ABO/RhD type should be transfused with.

a) Rhd positive red blood cells and ABO fresh frozen plasma
b) Rhd negative rbc and 0 fresh frozen plasma
c) RHd positive RBC and 0 fresh frozen plasa

d) Rhd negative rbc and ABO fresh frozen plasma.ßCorrect

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33
Q
  1. A potential donor should be deferred in case, except:
    a) of fever
    b) of a previous blood donation, 6 months earlier
    c) of realistic likelihood of IV drug use
    d) of pregnancy
A
  1. A potential donor should be deferred in case, except:
    a) of fever
    * *b) of a previous blood donation, 6 months earlier**
    c) of realistic likelihood of IV drug use
    d) of pregnancy
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34
Q
  1. Potential cause of ineffective RBC transfusion, except?

a) significant splenomegaly
b) auto or allo immune hemolysis
c) acute autoimmune disease
d) continuous presence of blood loss

A
  1. Potential cause of ineffective RBC transfusion, except?

a) significant splenomegaly
b) auto or allo immune hemolysis
* *c) acute autoimmune disease**ßcorrect
d) continuous presence of blood loss

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35
Q
  1. Preferred safe donor population for blood donation

a) foreign people (rare blood types)
b) voluntary non-remunerated donors
c) paid, repeat donors
d) friends, relatives (for the safer donation)

A
  1. Preferred safe donor population for blood donation

a) foreign people (rare blood types)
* *b) voluntary non-remunerated donorsß**
c) paid, repeat donors
d) friends, relatives (for the safer donation)

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36
Q
  1. Appropriate therapy against citrate toxicity

a) Potassium chloride
b) sodium bicarbonate
c) calcium gluconate
d) calcium carbonate

A
  1. Appropriate therapy against citrate toxicity

a) Potassium chloride
b) sodium bicarbonate
c) calcium gluconate (Or calcium chloride)
d) calcium carbonate

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37
Q
  1. the following technique for unstable blood product allows lower than 1 x 10t6 WBC/unit
    a) centifucation technique
    b) buffy coat technique
    c) apheresis technique
    d) heat treatment technique
A
  1. the following technique for unstable blood product allows lower than 1 x 10t6 WBC/unit

​a) centifucation technique

b) buffy coat technique

c) apheresis technique-correct

d) heat treatment technique

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38
Q

in massive bleeding, the factor that the soonest reaches critical levels

a) Factorv
b) Factor Vll
c) Prothrombin
d) Fibrinogen

A

in massive bleeding, the factor that the soonest reaches critical levels

a) Factorv
b) Factor Vll
c) Prothrombin
* *d) Fibrinogen-correct**

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39
Q
  1. Most frequent main diagnosis for cadaveric (deceases) donors

a) Cerebrovascular attack
b) polytraumatisation
c) acute myocardial infarction
d) peripheral vascular disease

A
  1. Most frequent main diagnosis for cadaveric (deceases) donors
  • *a) Cerebrovascular attackßcorrect**
    b) polytraumatisation
    c) acute myocardial infarction
    d) peripheral vascular disease
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40
Q

What is the minimal frequency of heart rate control during transfusion

a) Following the transfusion
b) Prior and after each unit transfused
c) Every 15 min
d) The frequency is dependent on the actual condition of the patient

A

What is the minimal frequency of heart rate control during transfusion

a) Following the transfusion
* *b) Prior and after each unit transfused ß**
c) Every 15 min
d) The frequency is dependent on the actual condition of the patient

41
Q

The person should be deffered from blood donation,except

a) Persons just returning from zika endemic areas
b) Actually febrile diseases
c) Regularly plasma donation
d) Persons who disclose IV drug use.

A

The person should be deffered from blood donation,except

a) Persons just returning from zika endemic areas
b) Actually febrile diseases
* *c) Regularly plasma donationßcorrect**
d) Persons who disclose IV drug use.

42
Q
  1. which type of transplantation has the greatest requirement of blood?

a) kidney
b) heart
c) lung
d) liver

A
  1. which type of transplantation has the greatest requirement of blood?

a) kidney
b) heart
c) lung
* *d) liver**

43
Q
  1. Anemia tolerance is independent of

a) ageß
b) the speed of anemia onset
c) sexß
d) the severity of anemiaßMichellini

A
  1. Anemia tolerance is independent of

a) ageß
b) the speed of anemia onset
c) sexß
* *d) the severity of anemia**

44
Q
  1. Crossmatch prior to kidney transplantations allows.

a) the selection of optimal immunosuppression after transplant
b) the exclusion of donor related infections
c) the prevention of hyperacute rejections
d) the proper evaluation of recipient immune status

A
  1. Crossmatch prior to kidney transplantations allows.

a) the selection of optimal immunosuppression after transplant
b) the exclusion of donor related infections
* *c) the prevention of hyperacute rejectionsß**
d) the proper evaluation of recipient immune status

45
Q
  1. What is the most common cause of acute haemolytic transfusion reaction?

a. Bacterial contamination
b. ABO errors
c. Antibodies to the antigens of the Kell system
d. RhD negative patient transfused with RhD positive red blood cells

A
  1. What is the most common cause of acute haemolytic transfusion reaction?

a. Bacterial contamination
* *b. ABO errors**
c. Antibodies to the antigens of the Kell system
d. RhD negative patient transfused with RhD positive red blood cells

46
Q
  1. Regarding platelet transfusion, anti-HLA antbodies play a key role in the development of

a. Postransfusion infection
b. Refractoriness to platelet transfusions
c. Postransfusion purpura
d. Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT)

A
  1. Regarding platelet transfusion, anti-HLA antbodies play a key role in the development of

a. Postransfusion infection
* *b. Refractoriness to platelet transfusionsß**
c. Postransfusion purpura
d. Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT)

47
Q
  1. Who should be deferred from blood donation?

a. Actually febrile donors
b. Persons just returning from the Zika-endemic areas
c. Persons who disclose iv. Drug use
d. All of the above

A
  1. Who should be deferred from blood donation?
    ​
    a. Actually febrile donors
    b. Persons just returning from the Zika-endemic areas
    c. Persons who disclose iv. Drug use
    d. All of the above​
48
Q
  1. Obligatory donor screening test in all developed countries EXCEPT:

a. Lues (Syphillis)
b. Hepatitis B (Ag, Ab or both)
c. HIV
d. Hepatic enzyme levels (ALAT, ASAT) or serum bilirubin

A
  1. Obligatory donor screening test in all developed countries EXCEPT:

a. Lues (Syphillis)
b. Hepatitis B (Ag, Ab or both)
c. HIV
* *d. Hepatic enzyme levels (ALAT, ASAT) or serum bilirubin**

49
Q
  1. Which of the following are accepted definitions of “massive blood loss”?

a. Blood loss of ≥ 150ml/min
b. Replacement of 50% of TBV within 3 hours
c. Transfusion rate ≥ units within a 24h period
d. Replacement of 100% of total blood volume (TBV) within 24h

A
  1. Which of the following are accepted definitons of “massive blood loss”?
  • *a. Blood loss of ≥ 150ml/min** ß CORRECT lectures, the other alternatives are word tricky
    b. Replacement of 50% of TBV within 3 hours
    c. Transfusion rate ≥ units within a 24h period
    d. Replacement of 100% of total blood volume (TBV) within 24h
50
Q
  1. Platelets can be transfused regardless of donor RhD

a. A pregnant women with eclampsia
b. A young man aged 22
c. A woman of childbearing age
d. A twelve-year old girl

A
  1. Platelets can be transfused regardless of donor RhD

​ a. A pregnant women with eclampsia

  • *b. A young man aged 22**ßonly male
    c. A woman of childbearing age
    d. A twelve-year old girl
51
Q
  1. The transfusion related immunomodulaton (TRIM)…

a. Is always harmful for the patient, because it is related to higher incidence of tumor recurrence
b. Has no clinical signifcance since the universal leukoreduction has been implemented all over
c. Is always beneficial for the patient, because it is related to better graft survival
d. Can be either beneficial or harmful, depending on the clinical situation

A
  1. The transfusion related immunomodulaton (TRIM)…

a. Is always harmful for the patient, because it is related to higher incidence of tumor recurrence
b. Has no clinical signifcance since the universal leukoreduction has been implemented all over
c. Is always beneficial for the patient, because it is related to better graft survival
* *d. Can be either beneficial or harmful, depending on the clinical situation​**

52
Q
  1. Advantages of the subcutaneous immunoglobulin substitution, EXCEPT:

a. Can be used in patients without available veins
b. Lack of local side effects
c. Results in higher IgG trough levels
d. Can be advantageous in IgA defciency

A
  1. Advantages of the subcutaneous immunoglobulin substitution, EXCEPT:

a. Can be used in patients without available veins
b. Lack of local side effects
c. Results in higher IgG trough levels
​d. Can be advantageous in IgA defciency

53
Q
  1. MHC (HLA) class I complex
    a. Is expressed on lymphocytes, dendritc cells and red blood cells

b. Is expressed on macrophages, dendritc cells and red blood cells
c. Is expressed in all nucleated cells
d. Is expressed on macrophages, dendritc cells and lymphocytes

A
  1. MHC (HLA) class I complex
    a. Is expressed on lymphocytes, dendritc cells and red blood cells

b. Is expressed on macrophages, dendritc cells and red blood cells

c. Is expressed in all nucleated cells

d. Is expressed on macrophages, dendritc cells and lymphocytes

54
Q
  1. The transfusion related immunomodulation (TRIM) is associated with

a. The living leukocytes transfused by the blood product
b. Soluble factors released during storage
c. Soluble HLA molecules
d. All the above

A
  1. The transfusion related immunomodulation (TRIM) is associated with

a. The living leukocytes transfused by the blood product
b. Soluble factors released during storage
c. Soluble HLA molecules
* *d. All the aboveß**

55
Q
  1. Possible way to collect more plasma for fractionation than whole blood donation

a. To collect more than 450ml whole blood from donors
b. Plasmapheresis
c. To increase the centrifugal force “g” for the better separation in the blood bag
d. Red cell apheresis

A
  1. Possible way to collect more plasma for fractionation than whole blood donation

a. To collect more than 450ml whole blood from donors
b. Plasmapheresis
c. To increase the centrifugal force “g” for the better separation in the blood bag
​d. Red cell apheresis

56
Q
  1. A person of unknown ABO/RhD type should be transfused with

a. RhD negative red blood cells and ABO fresh frozen plasma
b. RhD positive red blood cells and ABO fresh frozen plasma
c. RhD negative red blood cells and O fresh frozen plasma
d. RhD positive red blood cells and O fresh frozen plasma

A
  1. A person of unknown ABO/RhD type should be transfused with
  • *a. RhD negative red blood cells and ABO fresh frozen plasma**
    b. RhD positive red blood cells and ABO fresh frozen plasma
    c. RhD negative red blood cells and O fresh frozen plasma
    d. RhD positive red blood cells and O fresh frozen plasma
57
Q
  1. Commonly applied treatments in excessive menstrual bleeding caused by von Willebrandʼs disease EXCEPT:

a. Recombinant VIII factor products
b. Haemate P factor replacement therapy
c. 3. Generation oral contraceptve
d. Oral tranexamic acid

A
  1. Commonly applied treatments in excessive menstrual bleeding caused by von Willebrandʼs disease EXCEPT:
  • *a. Recombinant VIII factor productsßcorrect**.
    b. Haemate P factor replacement therapy

c. 3. Generaton oral contraceptve
​d. Oral tranexamic acid

58
Q
  1. The immunogenicity of a red cell antigen indicates

a. Its potency to give marked in vitro reactions
b. Its vulnerability to proteolytic enzymes
c. Its frequency in the population
d. Its potency to induce the production of an alloantibody in an individual for the given

A

. The immunogenicity of a red cell antigen indicates

​ a. Its potency to give marked in vitro reactons

b. Its vulnerability to proteolytc enzymes
c. Its frequency in the populaton
* *d. Its potency to induce the producton of an alloantbody in an individual for the given…ß**

59
Q
  1. Which is the maximum benefit that can be expected from a directed blood donation?

a. A family member with hepatitis can be identified
b. Higher safety compared to the general donor pool
c. The donating family member may become a regular donor
d. Family members can learn more about their risks for HIV infection

A
  1. Which is the maximum benefit that can be expected from a directed blood donation?
  • *a. A family member with hepatitis can be identified**
    b. Higher safety compared to the general donor pool
  • *c. The donating family member may become a regular donor**
    d. Family members can learn more about their risks for HIV infection
60
Q
  1. Passenger leukocytes are responsible for all of the following adverse events except

a. Hemolysis
b. Non-hemolytic febrile reaction
c. Anaphylaxia
d. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) alloimmunization

A
  1. Passenger leukocytes are responsible for all of the following adverse events except

a. Hemolysis
* *b. Non-hemolytic febrile reaction ß this is caused my already produced antibodies I donor.**
c. Anaphylaxia
d. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) alloimmunization

61
Q
  1. Benefits of autologous blood transfusion except

a. Purity, no risk of transmitted disease
b. Urgency, available also in urgent situations
c. Safety, no risk of transfusion reactions due to incompatbility
d. Availability in contrast with donor blood, autologous blood is instantly available and requires…

A
  1. Benefits of autologous blood transfusion except

a. Purity, no risk of transmitted disease
* *b. Urgency, available also in urgent situations**
c. Safety, no risk of transfusion reactions due to incompatbility
d. Availability in contrast with donor blood, autologous blood is instantly available and requires…

62
Q
  1. Which blood group is determined by a transferase

a. ABO blood group
b. KELL blood group
c. Dufy blood group
d. RhD blood group

A
  1. Which blood group is determined by a transferase
  • *​ a. ABO blood group ß**
    b. KELL blood group
    c. Dufy blood group
    d. RhD blood group
63
Q
  1. Indications for intraoperative cell salvage in adults and children EXCEPT
    a. Major hemorrhage
    b. Patients with rare blood groups or multiple blood group antibodies
    c. Surgery where the anticipated blood loss is <20% of the patients estimated blood volume
    d. Elective or emergency surgery in patients with risk factors for bleeding
A
  1. Indications for intraoperative cell salvage in adults and children EXCEPT
    a. Major hemorrhage
    b. Patients with rare blood groups or multiple blood group antibodies

c. Surgery where the anticipated blood loss is <20% of the patients estimated blood volume

d. Elective or emergency surgery in patients with risk factors for bleeding

64
Q
  1. Which is NOT characteristic for subcutaneous immunoglobulin substitution treatment

a. Systemic side effects are infrequent
b. Can be applied at home
c. Can be used only with infusion pump
d. ??

A
  1. Which is NOT characteristic for subcutaneous immunoglobulin substitution treatment

a. Systemic side effects are infrequent
b. Can be applied at home
* *c. Can be used only with infusion pump** ßYES
d. ??

65
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
    a. Syphilis can be transmitted by transfusion
    b. Transfusion related bacterial infections are more often related to platelet products than to red blood cell transfuse
    c. Blood products with bacterial contamination do not always cause severe infections
    d. Transfusion related bacterial infections and hemolytic reactions cause completely different clinical symptoms
A
  1. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
    a. Syphilis can be transmitted by transfusion
    b. Transfusion related bacterial infections are more often related to platelet products than to red blood cell transfuse
    c. Blood products with bacterial contamination do not always cause severe infections

d. Transfusion related bacterial infections and hemolytic reactions cause completely different clinical symptoms​

66
Q
  1. Transfusion associated graft versus host disease can be prevented by

a. Leukoreduction of the blood components
b. Washing the red blood cells
c. Freezing-thawing of preparation
d. Irradiation with a minimum dose of 25 Gy

A
  1. Transfusion associated graft versus host disease can be prevented by

a. Leukoreduction of the blood components
b. Washing the red blood cells
c. Freezing-thawing of preparation
* *d. Irradiation with a minimum dose of 25 Gy ​**

67
Q
  1. The positive selection means

a. All macrophages are surviving in lymph nodes if recognizing self antigens
b. All macrophages surviving in lymph nodes if not recognizing self MHC
c. All T-cells are killed in thymus if not recognizing self MHC
d. All T-cells are killed in the thymus if not recognizing self antigens

A
  1. The positive selection means

a. All macrophages are surviving in lymph nodes if recognizing self antigens
​b. All macrophages surviving in lymph nodes if not recognizing self MHC
c. All T-cells are killed in thymus if not recognizing self MHC ß
d. All T-cells are killed in the thymus if not recognizing self antigens

d. All T-cells are killed in the thymus if not recognizing self antgens

68
Q
  1. Blood transfusion for a potential organ transplant recipient…?
    a. …is contraindicated, because the immunosuppression amplifies the risk of transmission of infections by blood products
    b. …can be performed only by leukoreduced blood products
    c. …is obligatory before registration for a transplant waitng list, because the graft survival of all transfused patients is better
    d. …should be indicated after a thorough consideration, because the risk of harmful HLA sensitization or the potential graft survival advantage is not predictable
A
  1. Blood transfusion for a potential organ transplant recipient…?
    a. …is contraindicated, because the immunosuppression amplifies the risk of transmission of infections by blood products
    b. …can be performed only by leukoreduced blood products
    c. …is obligatory before registration for a transplant waitng list, because the graft survival of all transfused patients is better

d. …should be indicated after a thorough consideration, because the risk of harmful HLA sensitization or the potential graft survival advantage is not predictable

69
Q
  1. Which of the following statements are true about volunteer and paid donors?

a. Both types of donations carry equally high risk
b. Patients receiving blood products from volunteer donors carry higher risk of transmitted infections
c. Patients receiving blood products from paid donors carry higher risk of transmitted infections
d. In our days, both types of donations are completely free from infectious risk

A
  1. Which of the following statements are true about volunteer and paid donors?

a. Both types of donations carry equally high risk
b. Patients receiving blood products from volunteer donors carry higher risk of transmitted infections
* *c. Patients receiving blood products from paid donors carry higher risk of transmitted infections**
d. In our days, both types of donations are completely free from infectious risk

70
Q
  1. What is the complication that is less likely if HLA-match is perfect in hematopoietc stem cell transplantation?

a. Mucositis
b. Fungal infection
c. Polyneuropathia
d. GVHD

A
  1. What is the complication that is less likely if HLA-match is perfect in hematopoietc stem cell transplantation?
  • *a. Mucositis** ß++++??
    b. Fungal infection
    c. Polyneuropathia
  • *d. GVHD ?**
71
Q
  1. What are the most important characteristics of tissue stem cells?

a. Unlimited lifespan and plasticity
b. Unlimited proliferaton capability and plasticity
c. Self-preservation and differentiaton capability
d. Unlimited lifespan and proliferation capability

A
  1. What are the most important characteristics of tissue stem cells?

a. Unlimited lifespan and plasticity
b. Unlimited proliferaton capability and plasticity
* *c. Self-preservation and differentiaton capability**
d. Unlimited lifespan and proliferation capability

72
Q
  1. The primary immune organs are:

a. Bone marrow and spleen
b. Spleen and thymus
c. Bone marrow and skin
d. Bone marrow and thymus

A
  1. The primary immune organs are:

a. Bone marrow and spleen
b. Spleen and thymus
c. Bone marrow and skin
* *d. Bone marrow and thymus ß**

73
Q
  1. The T-cell receptors are consistng of:
    a. Two variable chainsß
    b. One variable and one constant chain
    c. Two variable and two constant chains
    d. Four variable chains
A
  1. The T-cell receptors are consistng of:

a. Two variable chains
​
b. One variable and one constant chain

c. Two variable and two constant chains

d. Four variable chains

74
Q
  1. Which alleles are not inherited in a co-dominant way?

a. RhD blood group: D and d
b. Dufy blood group: Py-a and Py-b
c. RhCE blood group: C and c
d. ABO blood group: A and B

A
  1. Which alleles are not inherited in a co-dominant way?
  • *a. RhD blood group: D and d**
    b. Dufy blood group: Py-a and Py-b
    c. RhCE blood group: C and c
    d. ABO blood group: A and B
75
Q
  1. Which organ transplant operaton requires the most blood transfusion?

a. Liver
b. Kidney
c. Heart
d. Lung

A
  1. Which organ transplant operaton requires the most blood transfusion?
  • *a. Liver**
    b. Kidney
    c. Heart
    d. Lung
76
Q
  1. Put the key events in blood transfusion in order
    (fnd the alternatve where the following are arranged in the right order)

a. Donor
b. Recipient
c. Outcome
d. Product
e. Diagnostcs
f. Screening

Donor ‒ Screening ‒ Product ‒ diagnostic ‒ Recipient ‒ outcome Donor -> product -> recipient -> outcome

A
  1. Put the key events in blood transfusion in order
    (fnd the alternatve where the following are arranged in the right order)

​a. Donor

b. Recipient
c. Outcome
d. Product
e. Diagnostcs
f. Screening

Donor ‒ Screening ‒ Product ‒ diagnostic ‒ Recipient ‒ outcome Donor -> product -> recipient -> outcom

77
Q

what is the disease that has a marked component of HLA association?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Pancreas carcinoma

Coeliakia (gluten sensitive enteropathies)

Familial hypercholesterolaemia

A

what is the disease that has a marked component of HLA association?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease
​
Pancreas carcinoma

Coeliakia (gluten sensitive enteropathies) ß-

Familial hypercholesterolaemia

78
Q

what is the approach to restore haemostasis after a loss of 100% of blood volume?

A) Red blood cells + Fresh Frozen plasma + Factors (ll + Vll + LX + X + Fibrinogen +/- platelets

B) RBC + Factor (LL, VLL, IX, X, Fibrinogen)

C) Red blood cell transfusion

D) Red blood cells + fresh frozen plasma + platelets

A

what is the approach to restore haemostasis after a loss of 100% of blood volume?

A) Red blood cells + Fresh Frozen plasma + Factors (ll + Vll + LX + X + Fibrinogen +/- platelets
AS MUCH SHIT AS POSSIBLE!

B) RBC + Factor (LL, VLL, IX, X, Fibrinogen)

C) Red blood cell transfusion

D) Red blood cells + fresh frozen plasma + platelets

79
Q

common donor eligibility criteria, except

a) Weight,more than 50kg
b) Defined hemoglobin level
c) Level of education
d) Age (18-66)

A

common donor eligibility criteria, except

a) Weight,more than 50kg
b) Defined hemoglobin level

c) Level of education

d) Age (18-66)

80
Q

Blalblablba

d).. its obligatory before registration for a transplant waiting list, because the graft survivival of all transfused patients is better.

A

Blalblablba

d).. its obligatory before registration for a transplant waiting list, because the graft survivival of all transfused patients is better.

81
Q

In case of bonemarrow failure, how much blood should be transfused?

a) 1 bag of RBC per week?? donʼtknow
b) 2 bags of RBC per week
c) 1 bag per month

d) 2 bags per month

A

In case of bonemarrow failure, how much blood should be transfused?

a) 1 bag of RBC per week?? donʼtknow
b) 2 bags of RBC per week
c) 1 bag per month

d) 2 bags per month

82
Q

What is the difference between IgG and IgM?

A

What is the difference between IgG and IgM?

a. Igm cant cross placenta while IgG can

83
Q

Symptoms of TACO (transfusion associated circulatory overload) except:

Hypoxia

Bradyarrhytmia

Jugular venous distension

increased BP

A

Symptoms of TACO (transfusion associated circulatory overload) except:

Hypoxia (True)

Bradyarrhytmia
(should be tachy cardia, goolgina ß correctimama

Jugular venous distension (True)

..(True??)Googlesays:dyspnea,orthopnea,peripheraledema,

increased BP.

84
Q

Sign of brain death (something like that.)

a. No corneal Reflex

Babinski sign

Loss of pain sensation

…?

A

Sign of brain death (something like that.)

a. No corneal Reflex

Babinski sign

Loss of pain sensation

…?

85
Q

What is the function of the Rh on RBC?

A

Protein that holds together RBC membrane

86
Q

Who can undergo autologous blood transfusion,except:

Above 45,

Age>18

Woman who was pregnant before ß this or

..ßthat

A

Who can undergo autologous blood transfusion,except:

Above 45,

Age>18

Woman who was pregnant before ß this or

..ßthat

87
Q

What is synthesized by the endothelium?

A

What is synthesized by the endothelium?

a. Von Willebrand + NO + Signal Protein ERK5

88
Q

How much does 1unit of RBC increase the Hg level approximately?

A

How much does 1unit of RBC increase the Hg level approximately?

1g/dl

89
Q

Which transplanted organ needs the highest amount of O2?

Heart

Lung

Kidney

Liver

A

Which transplanted organ needs the highest amount of O2?

Heart

Lung

Kidney

Liver

90
Q

Which antigen is Carbohydrate?

Kid

Rh

H

…

A

Which antigen is Carbohydrate?

Kid

Rh

H

…

91
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Syphilis can be transmitted by transfusion

Transfusion related bacterial infections are more often related to platelet products than

to red blood cell transfuse…

Blood products with bacterial contamination do not always cause severe infections

Transfusion related bacterial infections and hemolytic reactions cause completely different clinical symptoms

A
  1. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Syphilis can be transmitted by transfusion

Transfusion related bacterial infections are more often related to platelet products than

to red blood cell transfuse…

Blood products with bacterial contamination do not always cause severe infections

Transfusion related bacterial infections and hemolytic reactions cause completely different clinical symptoms

92
Q

The window period of an infection is a time period

When there is a 100% safety that the person cannot transmit infections

When both antigens and antibodies reach their peak levels

When antigens are already cleared but antibodies are not produced yet

When the viral nucleic acids are absent

A

The window period of an infection is a time period

When there is a 100% safety that the person cannot transmit infections

When both antigens and antibodies reach their peak levels

When antigens are already cleared but antibodies are not produced yet

When the viral nucleic acids are absent

93
Q

. Characteristic for intravenous immunoglobulin products; except

Contains stabilizer

5 or 10% IgG concentration

Produced from pooled plasma of a few thousand blood donors

High IgG aggregate contant

A

. Characteristic for intravenous immunoglobulin products; except

Contains stabilizer

5 or 10% IgG concentration

Produced from pooled plasma of a few thousand blood donors

High IgG aggregate contant

94
Q
  1. Something about which test is capable causing leukocytes depletion down to……?

a. Bufffy coat
b. Plasmapheresis
c. Centrifugation
d. Adsorption

A
95
Q

Adverse effects of HBOC.

A
96
Q

What is the function of cross-matching before blood transfusion?

A
97
Q
  1. Factors correlating with the severity of anemia, except:
    a. Age

b. Sex
c. Speed of onset (i took this one)
d. Hct, Hb levels

A
  1. Factors correlating with the severity of anemia, except:
    a. Age

b. Sex
c. Speed of onset (i took this one)
d. Hct, Hb levels

98
Q

What is the function of Rh on RBC?

A
  • Maintaining of the integrity of the RBC membrane.
  • Transport of ammonium across the RBC membrane.
  • Gas transport.

transfusion (1 decks)

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