Transfusion medicine Flashcards
in a normovolemic patient, oxygen delivery can be maintained down to a PCV of __ %
10%
during acute/progressive anemia, start transfusion at PCV < __ %
20-25%
note: in most animals with acute blood loss, fluid therapy is enough to restore DO2
animal should have a PCV of at least __ % before undergoing anesthesia for surgery
20%
what coagulation factors does FFP contain?
all
what does cryoprecipitate contain?
- fibrinogen-rich
- factor VIII
- vWF
what are the indications to use cryoprecipitate?
- vWD
- hemophilia A
- low fibrinogen
what is the most important blood type in dogs?
DEA1 –> strong alloantibodies produced after sensitization of DEA1-negative dog by a DEA1-positive transfusion
explain neonatal isoerythrolysis
kittens with blood type A, received by a queen with blood type B –> maternal antibodies against blood type A given to kittens –> hemolytic reaction to own blood in kittens
what is the major crossmatch
- recipients plasma
- donors cells
= recipients antibodies against donors RBCs
what is the minor crossmatch
- recipient cells
- donor plasma
= donor’s antibodies against recipient’s cells
what conditions may make cross-matching impossible?
- persistent autoagglutination
- severe hemoglobinemia
what is autologous transfusion
blood collected from the recipient 4 weeks to a few days before surgical procedure
what are contraindications for autotransfusion?
- longstanding blood (>1 hour)
- contaminated blood
- malignant hemorrhagic effusion
minimum weight for cats to give 40 ml of blood
4 kg
minimum weight for dogs to give 450 ml of blood
23 kg
what PCV should dogs or cats have to qualify as a donor?
40 % in dogs and 30 % in cats
what sedative is contraindicated for blood collection?
acepromazine –> interferes with platelet function
what temperature should FWB and pRBCs be stored at?
39 degrees Fahrenheit
what temperature should plasma products be stored at?
4 degrees Fahrenheit
what accumulates in stored pRBCs?
2,3-diphosphoglyceride and ammonia (but usually not harmful)
what patients require caution when giving large volumes of anticoagulated blood?
patients with hypocalcemia e.g., severe liver insufficiency
what fluids are contraindicated for use in the same line as blood products?
- Ca or glucose containing fluids
- hyper-/hypotonic fluids
what is the calculation for volume of whole blood required in anemia
volume (ml) of WB = 2 x PCV rise desired (%) x body weight
administration of __ ml of whole blood/kg raises PCV by 1%
2.2 ml
administration of __ ml of pRBCs/kg raises PCV by 1%
1 ml
24 hours after transfusion __ to __ % of RBC should have survived
70-80%
what product + initial dose for vWD
FFP –> 10 ml/kg to stop bleeding and prevent excessive bleeding during surgery
dose for cryoprecipitate and indications
vWD and hemophilia A
dose: 1 cryo unit/10kg or 1-2 ml/kg q12h
to treat bleeding
How common is DEA 4 in dogs?
98% of dogs are DEA 4 positive. almost all
What blood type should the ideal donor have?
DEA 1.1 negative
What is the median survival of RBC when transfusing type A blood to a type A cat?
36 days
What is the median survival of RBC when transfusing Type B blood to a type A cat?
2.1 days
What is the median survival of RBC when transfusing Type A blood to a type B cat?
1.3 hours
When does Mic incompatibility in cats cause a reaction?
at the second transfusion
What factors are missing in Frozen Plasma?
No Factor V, VIII, or vWF
