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ECC hematology > Transfusion medicine > Flashcards

Transfusion medicine Flashcards

1
Q

in a normovolemic patient, oxygen delivery can be maintained down to a PCV of __ %

A

10%

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2
Q

during acute/progressive anemia, start transfusion at PCV < __ %

A

20-25%

note: in most animals with acute blood loss, fluid therapy is enough to restore DO2

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3
Q

animal should have a PCV of at least __ % before undergoing anesthesia for surgery

A

20%

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4
Q

what coagulation factors does FFP contain?

A

all

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5
Q

what does cryoprecipitate contain?

A
  • fibrinogen-rich
  • factor VIII
  • vWF
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6
Q

what are the indications to use cryoprecipitate?

A
  • vWD
  • hemophilia A
  • low fibrinogen
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7
Q

what is the most important blood type in dogs?

A

DEA1 –> strong alloantibodies produced after sensitization of DEA1-negative dog by a DEA1-positive transfusion

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8
Q

explain neonatal isoerythrolysis

A

kittens with blood type A, received by a queen with blood type B –> maternal antibodies against blood type A given to kittens –> hemolytic reaction to own blood in kittens

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9
Q

what is the major crossmatch

A
  • recipients plasma
  • donors cells
    = recipients antibodies against donors RBCs
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10
Q

what is the minor crossmatch

A
  • recipient cells
  • donor plasma
    = donor’s antibodies against recipient’s cells
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11
Q

what conditions may make cross-matching impossible?

A
  • persistent autoagglutination

- severe hemoglobinemia

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12
Q

what is autologous transfusion

A

blood collected from the recipient 4 weeks to a few days before surgical procedure

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13
Q

what are contraindications for autotransfusion?

A
  • longstanding blood (>1 hour)
  • contaminated blood
  • malignant hemorrhagic effusion
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14
Q

minimum weight for cats to give 40 ml of blood

A

4 kg

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15
Q

minimum weight for dogs to give 450 ml of blood

A

23 kg

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16
Q

what PCV should dogs or cats have to qualify as a donor?

A

40 % in dogs and 30 % in cats

17
Q

what sedative is contraindicated for blood collection?

A

acepromazine –> interferes with platelet function

18
Q

what temperature should FWB and pRBCs be stored at?

A

39 degrees Fahrenheit

19
Q

what temperature should plasma products be stored at?

A

4 degrees Fahrenheit

20
Q

what accumulates in stored pRBCs?

A

2,3-diphosphoglyceride and ammonia (but usually not harmful)

21
Q

what patients require caution when giving large volumes of anticoagulated blood?

A

patients with hypocalcemia e.g., severe liver insufficiency

22
Q

what fluids are contraindicated for use in the same line as blood products?

A
  • Ca or glucose containing fluids

- hyper-/hypotonic fluids

23
Q

what is the calculation for volume of whole blood required in anemia

A

volume (ml) of WB = 2 x PCV rise desired (%) x body weight

24
Q

administration of __ ml of whole blood/kg raises PCV by 1%

A

2.2 ml

25
Q

administration of __ ml of pRBCs/kg raises PCV by 1%

A

1 ml

26
Q

24 hours after transfusion __ to __ % of RBC should have survived

A

70-80%

27
Q

what product + initial dose for vWD

A

FFP –> 10 ml/kg to stop bleeding and prevent excessive bleeding during surgery

28
Q

dose for cryoprecipitate and indications

A

vWD and hemophilia A
dose: 1 cryo unit/10kg or 1-2 ml/kg q12h
to treat bleeding

29
Q

How common is DEA 4 in dogs?

A

98% of dogs are DEA 4 positive. almost all

30
Q

What blood type should the ideal donor have?

A

DEA 1.1 negative

31
Q

What is the median survival of RBC when transfusing type A blood to a type A cat?

A

36 days

32
Q

What is the median survival of RBC when transfusing Type B blood to a type A cat?

A

2.1 days

33
Q

What is the median survival of RBC when transfusing Type A blood to a type B cat?

A

1.3 hours

34
Q

When does Mic incompatibility in cats cause a reaction?

A

at the second transfusion

35
Q

What factors are missing in Frozen Plasma?

A

No Factor V, VIII, or vWF

ECC hematology (2 decks)

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