Transfusion Complications

Question 1

Transfusion-related complications can be categorized

Answer 1

Transfusion-related complications can be categorized as acute or delayed, which can be divided further into the categories of noninfectious and infectious .

Question 2

Acute complications

Answer 2

Acute complications occur within minutes to 24 hours of the transfusion, whereas delayed complications may develop days, months, or even years later.

Question 3

Wha is more often- infect/ noninfect complc

Answer 3

Therefore, patients are far more likely to experience a noninfectious serious hazard of transfusion than an infectious complication.

Question 4

Hemolytic transfusion reactions are caused by

Answer 4

Hemolytic transfusion reactions are caused by immune destruction of transfused RBCs, which are attacked by the recipient’s antibodies.

Question 5

mechanism of immunization through a previous transfusion or pregnancy.

Answer 5

The antibodies to the antigens of the ABO blood group or alloantibodies to other RBC antigens are produced after immunization through a previous transfusion or pregnancy.

Question 6

categories of hemolytic transfusion reactions:

Answer 6

There are two categories of hemolytic transfusion reactions: acute and delayed.

Question 7

Nonimmune causes of acute reactions include

Answer 7

Nonimmune causes of acute reactions include bacterial overgrowth, improper storing, infusion with incompatible medications, and infusion of blood through lines containing hypotonic solutions or small-bore intravenous tubes

Question 8

timing for acute hemolytic transfusion reactions

Answer 8

In acute hemolytic transfusion reactions, there is a destruction of the donor’s RBCs within 24 hours of transfusion.

Question 9

type of hemolysis

Answer 9

Hemolysis may be intravascular or extravascular.

Question 10

what type of hemol is more often

Answer 10

The most common type is extravascular hemolysis, which occurs when donor RBCs coated with immunoglobulin G (IgG) or complement are attacked in the liver or spleen.

Question 11

mech of i/v hemolysis

Answer 11

Intravascular hemolysis is a severe form of hemolysis caused by ABO antibodies

Question 12

Symptoms of acute hemolytic transfusion reactions include

Answer 12

. Symptoms of acute hemolytic transfusion reactions include fever, chills, rigors, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, hypotension, diffuse bleeding, hemoglobinuria, oliguria, anuria, pain at the infusion site; and chest, back, and abdominal pain

Question 13

Associated complications in acute hemolytic transfusion reactions

Answer 13

Associated complications are clinically significant anemia, acute or exacerbated renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, need for dialysis, and death secondary to complications.

Question 14

incidence of acute hemolytic reactions is approximately

Answer 14

The incidence of acute hemolytic reactions is approximately one to five per 50,000 transfusions.
From 1996 to 2007, there were 213 ABO-incompatible RBC transfusions with 24 deaths. Systems using bar codes for blood and patient identification have decreased errors

Question 15

whatt helped to decreased errors in blood transf

Answer 15

From 1996 to 2007, there were 213 ABO-incompatible RBC transfusions with 24 deaths. Systems using bar codes for blood and patient identification have decreased errors

Question 16

Infectious Complications of Blood Transfusions

Answer 16

Complication Estimated risk
Hepatitis B virus 1 in 350,000
Hepatitis C virus 1 in 1.8 million
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 or 2 1 in 2 million
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 in 2.3 million
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Rare*
Human herpesvirus 8 Rare*
Malaria and babesiosis Rare*
Pandemic influenza Rare*
West Nile virus Rare

Question 17

ALLERGIC REACTIONS range

Answer 17

Allergic reactions range from mild (urticarial) to life threatening (anaphylactic).

Question 18

what

Answer 18

Urticarial allergic reactions are defined by hives or pruritus

Question 19

TRANSFUSION-ASSOCIATED CIRCULATORY OVERLOAD

Answer 19

Transfusion-associated circulatory overload is the result of a rapid transfusion of a blood volume that is more than what the recipient’s circulatory system can handle. It is

Question 20

Delayed Transfusion Reactions

TRANSFUSION-ASSOCIATED GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE

Answer 20

Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease is a consequence of a donor’s lymphocytes proliferating and causing an immune attack against the recipient’s tissues and organs.