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Transfusion > Transfusion > Flashcards

Transfusion Flashcards

1
Q

what type of transfusion rxn can be avoided?:

A

AHTR acute hemolytic avoided by prior compatibility testing; other transfusion reactions cannot be predicted by compatibility testing

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2
Q

think of blood as milk - you don’t want to drink 2 week old milk

A

biologic products

inherent risks of transmitting infectious diseases or causing other adverse reactions

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3
Q

normovolemic, resting animal can be maintained down to a PCV of

A

10%
no specific transfusion trigger
certain PCV
or coagulation times

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4
Q 
time, temp., indication:
FWB t1
FWB t2
stored whole blood (SWB)
pRBC
A

<8hr, 4-24C, PLATELETS., coag., blood
<24hr, 4C, coag. blood
<28 days, coag., blood
<28 days, anemia

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5
Q

Platelet rich plasma (PRP)
Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
frozen plasma

A

<24 hr if mixed, life threat bleed
<1 year, -20-40C, any coag.
<2years - rodentic

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6
Q

cryoprecipitate

Cryoprecipitate-poor plasma (cryo-poor)

A

<24 hr if mixed, life threat bleed
<1 year, -20-40, vWD, fibringen, fibronectin
Hemophilia A (but not B)
Hypofibrinogenemia

hypoproteinemia
Some coagulopathies (factors II, VII, IX, XI)
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7
Q

animals can readily tolerate a loss of up to ___% of blood volume

A

20% of blood volume

=canine blood donors regularly give 20 ml/kg - while cats give 10 ml/kg q6-12 weeks

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8
Q

is a < PCV is a contraindication for fluid administration

A

no - restore perfusion

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9
Q

anesthesia & surgery should have a PCV of

A

20%

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10
Q

IMHA “add fuel to the fire”

A

no evidence

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11
Q

heparin (including accidental use of undiluted heparin flushes):

A

can also be corrected with FFP

although protamine rapidly reverse

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12
Q

Critically ill animals with albumin concentrations less than 1.5 g/dl may benefit from plasma why

A

important carrier of certain drugs, hormones, metals, chemicals, toxins, and enzymes

40ml/kg for 1g/dl increase therefore minimal help at doses we use

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13
Q

cryo:

A

fibronectin, fibrinogen, wBD, VIII

hemophilia A

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14
Q

platelets lifespan
RBC dog vs cat
neutrophil

A

<7 days
120d, 60-120 d
<1d

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15
Q

platelets cannot readily be stored for any length of time:

last ___ in blood in IMT:

use:

A

<8 hours at room temperature with agitation

immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, transfused platelets have a very short half-life (hours) and will not result in any appreciable platelet rise but may transiently stop severe hemorrhage

stop severe hemorrhage

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16
Q

Life-threatening hemorrhage caused by thrombocytopenia in anemic dogs could be treated with:

WBC transfusion not feasible why?

A

FWB
Rarely, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and lyophilized platelet concentrates

lyophilized platelets have been intermittently available and may provide adequate hemostasis

very short T1/2 <24hrs in health - even shorter if transfused

17
Q

canine blood type - #

inheritance

A

> 12 but main DEA + vs - (like rH)

codominantly inherited

18
Q

Transfusion rx against other blood types:

DEA 4

A

Dal in Dalmatians and likely few other breeds, and another common red blood cell antigen in a Whippet.

19
Q

false agglutination in type kit”

explain kit: Ab vs DEA+

A

autoagg. (IMHA), >hyperproteinemia (Ab bind)

agglutination = DEA + b/c binding

20
Q

Type A is dominant over B
3rd - extremely rare AB cat

is it produced by mating A & B cats toget.?

AB most common breed

A

no-

third allele recessive to a or codominant to b (or both) leads to the expression of both A (glycyl) and B (allyl) substances

no - unless the cat with type A carries a rare AB allele

ragdoll

21
Q

breeds:
A:
B:
AB:

A

Siamese cats have type A blood
Turkish Vans and Angoras equal numbers of type A and B blood
ragdoll

22
Q

Alloab. NI

A

all cats w B have very strong naturally occurring anti-A alloantibodies

weak reaction - Kittens receive anti-A alloantibodies through the colostrum from type B queens, and type B kittens develop high alloantibody titers (>1 : 32 to 1 : 2048) after a few weeks of age

strong reaction and hemolysis - A kitten to B queen

23
Q

initial crossmatch of a dog

A

should be compatible bc no preformed alloAb

24
Q

cross match

benefit

A
  • test serological compatibility without knowing A or B does not replace need for blood type

can detect an A-B mismatch as well as other incompatibilities i.e. Mik

25
Q

3 contraind of autotransf

A

> 1 hour
contaminated
malignant hemorrhagic effusions

> 1h do not need to anticoag

26
Q

blood collection:
describe closed system:

open system (higher risk of inf.)

don’t keep open collcted blood longer than

A

collected aseptically by gravity flow or blood bank vacuum pump from the jugular vein over a 5- to 10-minute period. Plastic blood bags (e.g., ABRI, Dixon, CA) containing citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPD-A1)

Large plastic syringes containing 1 ml CPD-A1 or 3.8% citrate per 9 ml blood and connected via three-way stopcock to a 19-gauge butterfly needle (and blood bag) are used commonly for blood collection in cats or toy breed dogs

48hrs

27
Q

dog unit:

cat unit:

A

450ml (20ml/kg >23kg)

40ml (10ml/kg >4kg)

28
Q

storage lesions:

A

< 2,3-DPG
accumulation of ammonia
> K

(but these metabolites are rapidly regenerated or eliminated, respectively, and do not typically affect pRBC efficacy or safety)

KRBC membrane fragility = 
changes in rheological properties
hemolysis 
formation of microparticles
and free Hg
29
Q

free Hgb

A

cell-free hemoglobin and microparticles leads to increased consumption of nitric oxide (NO)

30
Q

leukocyte reduction

A

decrease febrile adverse reactions to WBC components, but they are expensive

31
Q

Dripping blood via gravitational flow is preferred

A

pumps are not safe for the administration of RBC

32
Q

% RBC that must survive 24 hours (required blood bank standard)

lifespan thereafter

A

least 70% to 80%

expected to have a near normal life span (up to 70 days in cats, 110 days in dogs)

33
Q

T1/2 short factors VII, VIII, and von Willebrand’s factor.:.

A

need treatment 2 to 4 times daily

34
Q

Cryoprecipitate at a dosage

A

Cryoprecipitate at a dosage of 1 cryo unit (~50 ml)/10 kg or 1 to 2

35
Q

PCV pRBC volume to be infused=

A

90ml x Kg x (Desired PCV - recipient PCV/PCV donor)
pRBC = 1.5 x % rise x kg
FWB = 2 x % rise x kg

Transfusion (3 decks)

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