Transfusion Flashcards
The source of antibody heterogeneity is:
a. gene rearrangement in the peripheral immune organs
b. gene rearrangement in the central immune organs
c. gene insertion in the fetus
d. hereditary mutation
The source of antibody heterogeneity is:
a. gene rearrangement in the peripheral immune organs
b. gene rearrangement in the central immune organs
c. gene insertion in the fetus
d. hereditary mutation
What is the most common cause of acute haemolytic transfusion reaction?
a. bacterial contamination
b. ABO errors
c. Antibodies to the antigens of the Kell system
d. RhD negative patient transfused with RhD positive red blood cells
What is the most common cause of acute haemolytic transfusion reaction?
a. bacterial contamination
b. ABO errors
c. Antibodies to the antigens of the Kell system
d. RhD negative patient transfused with RhD positive red blood cells
Regarding platelet transfusion, anti-HLA antibodies play a key role in the development of
a. posttransfusion infection
b. refractoriness to platelet transfusions
c. posttransfusion purpura
d. neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT)
Regarding platelet transfusion, anti-HLA antibodies play a key role in the development of
a. posttransfusion infection
b. refractoriness to platelet transfusions
c. posttransfusion purpura
d. neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT)
Which is the most common type of genetic variants among blood group antigens?
a. frameshift
b. splice site
c. large deletion
d. single nucleotide polymorpisns (SNP)
Which is the most common type of genetic variants among blood group antigens?
a. frameshift
b. splice site
c. large deletion
d. single nucleotide polymorpisns (SNP)
Who should be deferred from blood donation?
a. Actually febrile donors
b. Persons just returning from the Zika-endemic areas
c. All of the above
d. Persons who disclose iv. Drug use
Who should be deferred from blood donation?
a. Actually febrile donors
b. Persons just returning from the Zika-endemic areas
c. All of the above
d. Persons who disclose iv. Drug use
Obligatory donor screening test in all developed countries EXCEPT:
a. Lues
b. Hepatitis B (Ag, Ab or both)
c. HIV
d. Hepatic enzyme levels (ALAT, ASAT) or serum bilirubin
Obligatory donor screening test in all developed countries EXCEPT:
a. Lues
b. Hepatitis B (Ag, Ab or both)
c. HIV
d. Hepatic enzyme levels (ALAT, ASAT) or serum bilirubin
Which of the following are accepted definitions of “massive blood loss”?
a. Blood loss of ≥ 150ml/min
b. Replacement of 50% of TBV within 3 hours
c. Transfusion rate ≥ units within a 24h period
d. Replacement of 100% of total blood volume (TBV) within 24h
Which of the following are accepted definitions of “massive blood loss”?
a. Blood loss of ≥ 150ml/min
b. Replacement of 50% of TBV within 3 hours
c. Transfusion rate ≥ units within a 24h period
d. Replacement of 100% of total blood volume (TBV) within 24h
Platelets can be transfused regardless of donor RhD
a. a pregnant women with eclampsia
b. a young man aged 22
c. a woman of childbearing age
d. a twelve-year old girl
Platelets can be transfused regardless of donor RhD
a. a pregnant women with eclampsia
b. a young man aged 22
c. a woman of childbearing age
d. a twelve-year old girl
The transfusion related immunomodulation (TRIM)..
a. is always harmful for the patient, because it is related to higher incidence of tumor
recurrence
b. has no clinical significance since the universal leukoreduction has been implemented all
over
c. Is always beneficial for the patient, because it is related to better graft survival
d. Can be either beneficial or harmful, depending on the clinical situation
The transfusion related immunomodulation (TRIM)..
a. is always harmful for the patient, because it is related to higher incidence of tumor
recurrence
b. has no clinical significance since the universal leukoreduction has been implemented all
over
c. Is always beneficial for the patient, because it is related to better graft survival
d. Can be either beneficial or harmful, depending on the clinical situation
The most common inherited bleeding disorder
a. factor XI deficiency
b. Haemophilia A
c. Von Willebrand’s disease
d. Factor VII deficiency
The most common inherited bleeding disorder
a. factor XI deficiency
b. Haemophilia A
c. Von Willebrand’s disease
d. Factor VII deficiency
The most likely source of Yersinia contamination of a red blood cell unit is
a. The skin flora of the donor
b. Transient asymptomatic donor bacteremia
c. Contamiation of the plastic bag
d. The skin flora of the laboratory staff
The most likely source of Yersinia contamination of a red blood cell unit is
a. The skin flora of the donor
b. Transient asymptomatic donor bacteremia
c. Contamiation of the plastic bag
d. The skin flora of the laboratory staff
Advantages of the subcutaneous immunoglobulin substitution, EXCEPT:
a. Can be used in patients without available veins
b. Lack of local side effects
c. Results in higher IgG trough levels
d. Can be advantageous in IgA deficiency
Advantages of the subcutaneous immunoglobulin substitution, EXCEPT:
a. Can be used in patients without available veins
b. Lack of local side effects
c. Results in higher IgG trough levels
d. Can be advantageous in IgA deficiency
MHC (HLA) class I complex
a. Is expressed on lymphocytes, dendritic cells and red blood cells
b. Is expressed on macrophages, dendritic cells and red blood cells
c. Is expressed in all nucleated cells
d. Is expressed on macrophages, dendritic cells and lymphocytes
MHC (HLA) class I complex
a. Is expressed on lymphocytes, dendritic cells and red blood cells
b. Is expressed on macrophages, dendritic cells and red blood cells
c. Is expressed in all nucleated cells
d. Is expressed on macrophages, dendritic cells and lymphocytes
The transfusion related immunomodulation (TRIM) is associated with
a. The living leukocytes transfused by the blood product
b. Soluble factors released during storage
c. Soluble HLA molecules
d. All the above
The transfusion related immunomodulation (TRIM) is associated with
a. The living leukocytes transfused by the blood product
b. Soluble factors released during storage
c. Soluble HLA molecules
d. All the above
Possible way to collect more plasma for fractionation than whole blood donation
a. To collect more than 450ml whole blood from donors
b. Plasmapheresis
c. To increase the centrifugal force “g” for the better separation in the blood bag
d. Red cell apheresis
Possible way to collect more plasma for fractionation than whole blood donation
a. To collect more than 450ml whole blood from donors
b. Plasmapheresis
c. To increase the centrifugal force “g” for the better separation in the blood bag
d. Red cell apheresis
A person of unknown ABO/RhD type should be transfused with
a. RhD negative red blood cells and ABO fresh frozen plasma
b. RhD positive red blood cells and ABO fresh frozen plasma
c. RhD negative red blood cells and O fresh frozen plasma
d. RhD positive red blood cells and O fresh frozen plasma
A person of unknown ABO/RhD type should be transfused with
a. RhD negative red blood cells and ABO fresh frozen plasma
b. RhD positive red blood cells and ABO fresh frozen plasma
c. RhD negative red blood cells and O fresh frozen plasma
d. RhD positive red blood cells and O fresh frozen plasma
Characteristic for intravenous immunoglobulin products; except
a. Contains stabilizer
b. 5 or 10% IgG concentration
c. Produced from pooled plasma of a few thousand blood donors
d. High IgG aggregate contant
Characteristic for intravenous immunoglobulin products; except
a. Contains stabilizer
b. 5 or 10% IgG concentration
c. Produced from pooled plasma of a few thousand blood donors
d. High IgG aggregate contant
Common donor eligibility criteria; except
a. Level of education (secondary school or higher)
b. Weight (eg. More than 50kg)
c. Defined hemoglobin level
d. Age (eg. 18-66 years)
Common donor eligibility criteria; except
a. Level of education (secondary school or higher)
b. Weight (eg. More than 50kg)
c. Defined hemoglobin level
d. Age (eg. 18-66 years)
Commonly applied treatments in excessive menstrual bleeding caused by vWd except:
a. Recombinant VIII factor products
b. Haemate P factor replacement therapy
c. 3. Generation oral contraceptive
d. Oral tranexamic acid
Commonly applied treatments in excessive menstrual bleeding caused by vWd except:
a. Recombinant VIII factor products
b. Haemate P factor replacement therapy
c. 3. Generation oral contraceptive
d. Oral tranexamic acid
The immunogenicity of a red cell antigen indicates
a. Its potency to give marked in vitro reactions
b. Its vulnerability to proteolytic enzymes
c. Its frequency in the population
d. Its potency to induce the production of an alloantibody in an individual for the
giv. .
The immunogenicity of a red cell antigen indicates
a. Its potency to give marked in vitro reactions
b. Its vulnerability to proteolytic enzymes
c. Its frequency in the population
d. Its potency to induce the production of an alloantibody in an individual for the
* *giv..**
The window period of an infection is a time period
a. When there is a 100% safety that the person cannot transmit infections
b. When both antigens and antibodies reach their peak levels
c. When antigens are already cleared but antibodies are not produced yet
d. When the viral nucleic acids are absent
The window period of an infection is a time period
a. When there is a 100% safety that the person cannot transmit infections
b. When both antigens and antibodies reach their peak levels
c. When antigens are already cleared but antibodies are not produced yet
d. When the viral nucleic acids are absent
Which is the maximum benefit that can be expected from a directed blood donation?
a. A family member with hepatitis can be identified
b. Higher safety compared to the general donor pool
c. The donating family member may become a regular donor
d. Family members can learn more about their risks for HIV infection
Which is the maximum benefit that can be expected from a directed blood donation?
a. A family member with hepatitis can be identified
b. Higher safety compared to the general donor pool
c. The donating family member may become a regular donor
d. Family members can learn more about their risks for HIV infection
Commonly applied treatments in excessive menstrual bleeding caused by von Willebrand
disease except
a. oral tranexamic acid
b. recombinant VIII factor products
c. haemate p factor replacement therapy
d. 3. Generation oral contraceptives
Commonly applied treatments in excessive menstrual bleeding caused by von Willebrand
disease except
a. oral tranexamic acid
b. recombinant VIII factor products
c. haemate p factor replacement therapy
d. 3. Generation oral contraceptives
Passenger leukocytes are responsible for all of the following adverse events except
a. hemolysis
b. non-hemolytic febrile reaction
c. anaphylaxia
d. human leukocyte antigens (HLA) immunization
Passenger leukocytes are responsible for all of the following adverse events except
a. hemolysis
b. non-hemolytic febrile reaction
c. anaphylaxia
d. human leukocyte antigens (HLA) immunization
Benefits of autologous blood transfusion except
a. purity, no risk of transmitted disease
b. urgency, available also in urgent situations
c. safety, no risk of transfusion reactions due to incompatibility
d. availability in contrast with donor blood, autologous blood is instantly available and
requires. .
Benefits of autologous blood transfusion except
a. purity, no risk of transmitted disease
b. urgency, available also in urgent situations
c. safety, no risk of transfusion reactions due to incompatibility
d. availability in contrast with donor blood, autologous blood is instantly available and
requires. .
Which blood group is determined by a transferase
a. ABO blood group
b. KELL blood group
c. Duffy blood group
d. RhD blood group
Which blood group is determined by a transferase
a. ABO blood group
b. KELL blood group
c. Duffy blood group
d. RhD blood group
Indications for intraoperative cell salvage in adults and children except
a. major hemorrhage
b. patients with rare blood groups or multiple blood group antibodies
c. surgery where the anticipated blood loss is <20% of the patients estimated blood
volume
d. elective or emergency surgery in patients with risk factors for bleeding
Indications for intraoperative cell salvage in adults and children except
a. major hemorrhage
b. patients with rare blood groups or multiple blood group antibodies
c. surgery where the anticipated blood loss is <20% of the patients estimated blood
* *volume**
d. elective or emergency surgery in patients with risk factors for bleeding
Which is not characteristic for subcutaneous immunoglobulin substitution treatment
a. Systemic side effects are infrequent
b. Can be applied at home
c. Can be used only with infusion pump
d. ??
Which is not characteristic for subcutaneous immunoglobulin substitution treatment
a. Systemic side effects are infrequent
b. Can be applied at home
c. Can be used only with infusion pump
d. ??
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. Syphilis can be transmitted by transfusion
b. Transfusion related bacterial infections are more often related to platelet products than
to red blood cell transfuse…
c. Blood products with bacterial contamination do not always cause severe infections
d. Transfusion related bacterial infections and hemolytic reactions cause completely
different clinical symptoms
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. Syphilis can be transmitted by transfusion
b. Transfusion related bacterial infections are more often related to platelet products than
to red blood cell transfuse…
c. Blood products with bacterial contamination do not always cause severe infections
d. Transfusion related bacterial infections and hemolytic reactions cause completely
different clinical symptoms
Transfusion associated graft versus host disease can be prevented by
a. leukoreduction of the blood components
b. washing the red blood cells
c. freezing thawing of preparation
d. irradiation with a minimum dose of 25 Gy
Transfusion associated graft versus host disease can be prevented by
a. leukoreduction of the blood components
b. washing the red blood cells
c. freezing thawing of preparation
d. irradiation with a minimum dose of 25 Gy
The positive selection means
a. all macrophages are surviving in lymph nodes if recognizing self antigens
b. all macrophages surviving in lymph nodes if not recognizing self MHC
c. All T-cells are killed in thymus if not recognizing self MHC
d. All T-cells are killed in the thymus if not recognizing self antigens
The positive selection means
a. all macrophages are surviving in lymph nodes if recognizing self antigens
b. all macrophages surviving in lymph nodes if not recognizing self MHC
c. All T-cells are killed in thymus if not recognizing self MHC
d. All T-cells are killed in the thymus if not recognizing self antigens
What is the most common cause of acute hemolytic transfusion reactions?
a. ABO errors
b. Bacterial contamination
c. Antibodies to the antigens of the Kell system
d. RhD negative patient transfused with RhD positive red blood cells
What is the most common cause of acute hemolytic transfusion reactions?
a. ABO errors
b. Bacterial contamination
c. Antibodies to the antigens of the Kell system
d. RhD negative patient transfused with RhD positive red blood cells
The optimal rate of blood donation activity (donation/inhabitants)
a. 3%
b. 5%
c. 10%
d. 7%
The optimal rate of blood donation activity (donation/inhabitants)
a. 3%
b. 5%
c. 10%
d. 7%
The most widespread screening tests to prevent transfusion transmitted infections are:
a. PCR for hepatitis A,B,C,D and E viruses and anti-HIV
b. Anti-Hb’s, anti-HAV, zikavirus PCR, anti HCV, influenza serology
c. HBeAg, anti-HBe, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, syphilis serology (VDRL), EBV PCR
d. HBsAg, anti HBc, anti-HCV, Anti HIV, HCV PCR, Syphilis serology (VDRL)
The most widespread screening tests to prevent transfusion transmitted infections are:
a. PCR for hepatitis A,B,C,D and E viruses and anti-HIV
b. Anti-Hb’s, anti-HAV, zikavirus PCR, anti HCV, influenza serology
c. HBeAg, anti-HBe, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, syphilis serology (VDRL), EBV PCR
d. HBsAg, anti HBc, anti-HCV, Anti HIV, HCV PCR, Syphilis serology (VDRL)
The immunogenicity of a red blood cell antigen indicates:
a. Its potency to induce the production of an alloantibody in an individual negative
for the given antigen
b. Its frequency in the population
c. Its vulnerability to proteolytic enzymes
d. Its potency to give marked in vitro reactions
The immunogenicity of a red blood cell antigen indicates:
a. Its potency to induce the production of an alloantibody in an individual negative
* *for the given antigen**
b. Its frequency in the population
c. Its vulnerability to proteolytic enzymes
d. Its potency to give marked in vitro reactions
Who discovered the ABO blood group system?
Karl Landsteiner
Blood transfusion for a potential organ transplant recipient…?
a. …is contraindicated, because the immunosuppression amplifies the risk of transmission
of infections by blood products
b. …can be performed only by leukoreduced blood products
c. …is obligatory before registration for a transplant waiting list, because the graft survival
of all transfused patients is better
d. …should be indicated after a thorough consideration, because the risk of harmful HLA
sensitization or the potential graft survival advantage is not predictable
Blood transfusion for a potential organ transplant recipient…?
a. …is contraindicated, because the immunosuppression amplifies the risk of transmission
of infections by blood products
b. …can be performed only by leukoreduced blood products
c. …is obligatory before registration for a transplant waiting list, because the graft survival
of all transfused patients is better
d. …should be indicated after a thorough consideration, because the risk of harmful HLA
sensitization or the potential graft survival advantage is not predictable
Which of the following statements are true about volunteer and paid donors?
a. Both types of donations carry equally high risk
b. Patients receiving blood products from volunteer donors carry higher risk of
transmitted infections
c. Patients receiving blood products from paid donors carry higher risk of
transmitted infections
d. In our days, both types of donations are completely free from infectious risk
Which of the following statements are true about volunteer and paid donors?
a. Both types of donations carry equally high risk
b. Patients receiving blood products from volunteer donors carry higher risk of
transmitted infections
c. Patients receiving blood products from paid donors carry higher risk of
transmitted infections
d. In our days, both types of donations are completely free from infectious risk
The most frequent cause of serious lethal transfusion associated adverse events:
a. Infections transmitted by blood transfusions
b. TRALI
c. Incorrect blood component transfused
d. Acute transfusion reactions
The most frequent cause of serious lethal transfusion associated adverse events:
a. Infections transmitted by blood transfusions
b. TRALI
c. Incorrect blood component transfused
d. Acute transfusion reactions
What is the complication that is less likely if HLA-match is perfect in hematopoetic stem cell
transplantation?
a. mucositis
b. fungal infection
c. polyneuropathia
d. GVHD
What is the complication that is less likely if HLA-match is perfect in hematopoetic stem cell
transplantation?
a. mucositis
b. fungal infection
c. polyneuropathia
d. GVHD
