Transformation on graphs functions

Question 1

What does f(x) + d
and f(x)-d mean?

Answer 1

f(x) + d means the graph moves up d units.

f(x) -d means the graph moves down d units.

Question 2

What does f(x+c)
and f(x-c) mean?

Answer 2

f(x+c) means the graph moves left c units.
f(x-c) means the graph moves right c units.

Question 3

What does -f(x) mean?

Answer 3

Reflection over the x axis.

Question 4

What does f(-x) mean?

Answer 4

Reflection over the y axis.