Transformation Of Classical Civilizations, 300-1400 AD (Invasions, Trade, Spread Of Religions)

Question 1

Five pillars of Islam

Answer 1

Belief, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage

Question 2

Shari’ah

Answer 2

Law code with practical laws to regulate daily life

Question 3

Abu Bakr

Answer 3

Caliph, successor of Muhammad

Question 4

The Umayyad dynasty

Answer 4

In 661, general Mu’awiyah moved to make the caliphate hereditary in his family. Moved capital to Damascus

Question 5

Umayyad Conquests

Answer 5

From 700-750. Made Spain a Muslim state, failed to defeat the Byzantines

Question 6

Shia

Answer 6

Accept only the descendants of Ali as the true rulers of Islam

Question 7

Sunni Muslims

Answer 7

Accept the Umayyads as caliphs

Question 8

Battle of Tours

Answer 8

Franks defeated Arabs, ended Arab expansion in Europe. 732 AD

Question 9

Abbasid Dynasy (750-1258 AD) you

Answer 9

Resentment of favoritism towards Arabs led to overthrowal of Umayyad dynasty. Built new capital at Baghdad
Harun a-Rashid is most famous caliph
Period of growing prosperity 
Bureaucracy became more regal
Center of enormous trade empire

Question 10

Decline of Abbasid empire

Answer 10

Rulers began to break away and establish independent dynasties

Question 11

Fatimid dynasty

Answer 11

Established in Egypt in 973

Question 12

Seljuk Turks

Answer 12

Nomadic people from Central Asia. Captured Baghdad in 1055, held real military and political power of the state. Routed Byzantine army, which turned to the West for help.

Question 13

Crusades

Answer 13

Christian states of Europe agreed to help Byzantine empire against the Turks

Question 14

Saladin

Answer 14

Muslim ruler, went on offensive in crusades, invaded Jerusalem in 1187

Question 15

Mongols

Answer 15

Nomads, destructive invaders - burned cities, mass starvation. Etc . Hulegu Khan had strong hatred of Islam, destroyed Baghdad in 1258. Failed to take Egypt. Over time, converted to Islam. By 14th century, mongol empire had split into separate kingdoms.

Question 16

Trade in Abbasid dynasty

Answer 16

Flourished: gold, slaves, silk, porcelain, gold, ivory, sandalwood, spices - development of banking and use of coins made it easier to exchange goods

Question 17

Farming in Arab empire

Answer 17

In early stages of empire, most of farmland owned by independent peasants. Later, wealthy landowners began to amass large estates.

Question 18

Quran and women

Answer 18

Granted women spiritual and social equality with men: right to own and inherit property. Every woman had a male guardian.